Student Handbook: Community Standards & Student Code of Conduct

The Manhattan University Community Standards and Student Code of Conduct contains the rules and regulations of Manhattan University to which all members of the university community agree to abide. The University reserves the right to revise any of the information, policies, procedures, rules or regulations in this document at any time.

Recent Updates

Any revisions to the Manhattan University Community Standards and Student Code of Conduct will be listed here for six months from the date of revision.

August 15, 2024

Updated Section II.8 Student Code of Conduct. Smoking and Vaping

I. Manhattan University Community Standards

II. Student Code of Conduct

III.Title IX/Sexual Harassment

Title IX/Sexual Harassment

IV. Residence Life Community Standards and Code of Conduct

V. Off-Campus Conduct Policy

VI. Disciplinary Sanctions

Disciplinary Sanctions

VII. Judicial Process, Procedures, and Adjudicating Bodies

VIII. Academic Policies

IX. Policy Statements

I. Manhattan University Community Standards

A. Preamble

Welcome to Manhattan University, a Lasallian Catholic University. At Manhattan University, we remain very closely tied to our roots, namely the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools founded by St. John Baptist de La Salle more than 300 years ago in France. In particular, the expectations for student behavior, our Community Standards and Student Code of Conduct are directly influenced by the ideas of de La Salle from the 17th century. These time-tested beliefs and ideals continue to guide Manhattan University as a community in the 21st century.

As in all institutions of higher education, Manhattan University is guided by the basic values of civility, safety and the discourse of ideas. Taking seriously our role as a Lasallian Catholic institution though, we have standards specific to our identity. As a Catholic institution our respect for the complementary nature of faith and reason, our respect for the wellspring of Catholic academic thought and our reliance on the rich Catholic heritage of arts and classic works is witnessed. Also, the sense of Catholic spirit witnessed through campus ministry, social justice, our curriculum and daily sacramental offerings imbue our campus with our distinctively Catholic mission and identity.

As did John Baptist de La Salle in his ministry, we continue to adapt to a changing culture and the changing needs of our students, while remaining true to the core values of the Lasallian mission. Beginning with the Perpetual Vow, taken by de La Salle and the early Brothers in 1694 at Vaugirard, France, we are foremost a community that works “together and by association.” This theme will resonate throughout your time at Manhattan and is a fundamental principle in the ethos of the Manhattan University community.

The Manhattan University community continues to aspire to John Baptist de La Salle’s appeal/demand for civility and decorum. “The practice of decorum and civility…is the wise and well regulated conduct that governs what we do and say. It arises from sentiments of modesty, respect, union, and charity toward our neighbor.” These time- tested ideals apply directly to the expectations of the current Manhattan University student in all settings, at all times.

While we all fall short of civility and decorum at times, we remain true to de La Salle by imposing corrections in cases where the Manhattan University standards are not met. In developing the community standards and the code of conduct infractions and sanctions, we are directly linked to John Baptist de La Salle’s disciplinary model. De La Salle outlines numerous qualities that are required when administering disciplinary corrections to students; included among these traits are the spirit of prudence and justice. We are conscious of these qualities and remain close to a core principle of de La Salle’s that “no correction should be administered unless it is considered useful and advantageous.” The goal of sanctions is to educate and offer developmentally appropriate opportunities for growth for the individual. However, while the individual is important, the larger community is also considered when administering corrections/sanctions. As a result, in order to protect the community at large, there are times when a severe sanction may be the appropriate conclusion.

We fully expect that as members of the Manhattan University community, you will read and understand the Community Standards and Code of Conduct that follow on these pages. It is the responsibility of each student to be cognizant of the expectations, the infractions and the possible sanctions for all manner of activity as a Manhattan University student.

B. The 12 Virtues of a Good Lasallian

Living the following Lasallian virtues will help you maintain a positive approach as a Manhattan University student and will certainly help you avoid the difficulties associated with violating the Community Standards and the Student Code of Conduct.

Gravity: regulates the exterior of a Lasallian to modesty, politeness and good order.
Silence: leads the Lasallian to avoid speaking when s/he should not speak and to speak when s/he should not be silent.
Humility: inspires us with low sentiments of ourselves; it attributes to us our just due.
Prudence: makes us understand what we need to do and what we need to avoid.
Wisdom: gives us knowledge of the most exalted things through the most excellent principles so that we may act accordingly.
Patience: makes us overcome without murmuring and with submission to the will of God, all the evils of this life, especially the cares inseparable from the education of youth.
Reserve: makes us think, speak and act with moderation, discretion and modesty.
Gentleness: inspires us with goodness, sensitivity and tenderness.
Zeal: makes us procure the glory of God with great affection.
Vigilance: makes us diligent and painstaking in fulfilling all our duties.
Piety: makes us fulfill worthily our duties toward God.
Generosity: makes us voluntarily sacrifice our personal interest, to those of our neighbor.

Inspired by Br. Agathon, FSC, Superior General - 1777-1795 The Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools

C. Manhattan University Honor Code

The Manhattan University Standard ¹Manhattan University is a community of scholars and learners committed to the principles of honesty, trustworthiness, fairness, and respect for the human dignity of all persons. Honor is the foundation of teaching and learning at Manhattan and the honor system is central to our mission as a liberal arts University. All members of this community share a common responsibility for promoting a climate of integrity. The Manhattan University Standard expresses a set of expectations of students who claim membership in Manhattan’s learning community. All undergraduate students are required to sign a pledge to adhere to these expressed values and to conduct themselves accordingly throughout their matriculation at Manhattan University. The standard of conduct that governs Manhattan’s academic life demands commitment to the highest personal values.
The Manhattan University Honor Pledge Students affirm their commitment to uphold the values of Manhattan University by signing a pledge that states:

As a Manhattan University student, I will not lie, cheat, or steal in my academic endeavors, nor will I accept the actions of those who do. I will conduct myself responsibly and honorably in all my activities as a Manhattan University student. I am accountable to the Manhattan University community and dedicate myself to a life of honor.

The Reaffirmation Upon completion of academic assignments, students may be asked periodically to reaffirm the above commitment by signing this statement: “I have adhered to the Manhattan University Standard in completing this assignment.”
Reporting Honor Code Violations Under the Manhattan University Pledge, students affirm their commitment not to lie, cheat, or steal in academic endeavors, nor accept the actions of those who do. A student who has direct knowledge of potential violations of the Honor Code is honor bound to provide the name or identity of the person(s) alleged to have committed the violation(s). Likewise, other members of the Manhattan University community are expected to report potential cases of violations of the Honor Code.
Violations of the Honor Code From time to time there are violations of the Honor Code. Infractions are taken quite seriously and receive stern prompt judgment. Students who violate the Honor Code are subject to various sanctions, including suspension or expulsion from Manhattan University. The sanctions are described in the “Academic Integrity” section of the Manhattan University Community Standards and Student Code of Conduct.
Implications Commitment to the Manhattan University Standard as conveyed through the Honor Code encompasses:

a. making decisions that can be justified, not as excusable or understandable, but as honorable;

b. observing the guidelines for academic integrity and collaboration set forth by individual faculty members;

c. adhering to all University regulations;

d.reporting suspected Honor Code violations.

Summary Students have agreed to abide by the Honor Code and the system of discipline it requires. Tests and examinations may or may not be proctored and some may be take-home. Some final examinations may be self-scheduled, so that students may prepare for and take them in their preferred sequence and at their preferred hours. The library operates with open stacks, allowing students to wander freely as they study and research. In short, the system allows students and faculty to have mutual confidence in each other’s words and actions. This atmosphere is self-perpetuating and enables members of the Manhattan University community to live and learn together more easily.

¹ Adapted from the Honor Codes of Duke University and Wellesley University

II. Student Code of Conduct

The Student Code of Conduct outlines specific behaviors which are seen as contradictory to the Lasallian mission and for which students will be held accountable. The Student Code of Conduct applies to all students individually as well as to collective groups. Manhattan University retains the right to hold students accountable for behavior which extends to off-campus activities, including University-sponsored and non-University- sponsored events.

Students who are separated from the University while there are judicial charges pending within the University will be required to engage in the judicial process either before leaving or following their return to campus. A few examples of such separation might be medical withdrawal, administrative withdrawal, study abroad, etc.

Students found responsible for behavior that violates the Student Code of Conduct at the level of suspension from the University or expulsion from the University are considered students “not in good standing.” Should a student be suspended or expelled from the University during the first five weeks of any given semester, that student forfeits the right to the usual reimbursement fee schedule. Any federal financial aid will be prorated according to Title IV of federal aid guidelines.

The following code of conduct is consistent with Lasallian community standards. The expectations set forth apply to all Manhattan University students in an effort to foster a community that strives for excellence in learning and living.

A. Alcohol Regulations

Manhattan University students are expected to comply with alcohol laws of New York State, especially as they relate to underage drinking. Under current New York state law, individuals under 21 years of age may not possess or consume alcoholic beverages, nor may individuals over 21 years of age furnish alcoholic beverages to those less than 21 years of age. Consistent with New York State law, the following University policies are in effect:

People less than 21 years old may not possess or consume alcoholic beverages.
No member of the University community may serve or otherwise furnish alcoholic beverages to people less than 21 years old.
No person under the age of 21 may possess or present evidence of age that is false for the purpose of purchase or possession of alcoholic beverages.

Standard Minimum Sanctions May Result In:

Depending upon the severity of the incident(s):

First time offenders will generally receive parental notification, mandatory educational programming, revocation of privileges and fines.
Second time offenders will generally receive more intensive counseling referral, parental notification, revocation of privileges, residence probation and a fine.
Chronic offenders (three or more offenses in an academic year) can lead to mandatory medical leave, involuntary leave of absence, mandatory substance abuse assessment, suspension and/or expulsion from the residence halls and/or the University or any combination of the above. A decision to impose a mandatory medical leave will be made only after consultation with qualified mental health and/or addiction specialists. For further information, see the Medical Leave policy in Section VIII.

B. Regulations Regarding Alcohol and Campus Facilities

All students present in private residence hall rooms where alcoholic beverages are being consumed must be 21 years old.
Possession or use of alcohol serving equipment, including but not limited to beer pong tables, beer ball containers, kegs, taps, funnels and bars, is prohibited.
Drinking games are prohibited, including standard drinking games being played without alcohol present.
Any quantity of alcoholic beverages (e.g., beer, wine, liquor) brought into a residence hall that, in the judgment of University personnel/staff, may cause injury or harm will be confiscated and disposed of without reimbursement.
Any quantity of alcoholic beverages (e.g., beer, wine, liquor) brought into a residence hall or possessed on campus, by a student under the age of 21 will be confiscated and disposed of without reimbursement.
Students may not bring alcoholic beverages into any unauthorized areas.
Being in a state of intoxication is a violation of the Student Code of Conduct.

Standard Minimum Sanctions May Result In:

Depending upon the severity of the incident(s):

First time offenders will generally receive parental notification, mandatory educational programming, revocation of privileges and fines.
Second time offenders will generally receive more intensive counseling referral, parental notification, revocation of privileges, residence probation and a fine.
Chronic offenders (three or more offenses in an academic year) can lead to mandatory medical leave, involuntary leave of absence, mandatory substance abuse assessment, suspension and/or expulsion from the residence halls and/or the University or any combination of the above. A decision to impose a mandatory medical leave will be made only after consultation with qualified mental health and/or addiction specialists. For further information, see the Medical Leave policy in Section VIII.

C. Identification Tampering

Manhattan University reserves the right to sanction students who possess falsified, altered, or otherwise fraudulent state or federal identification for any purpose, including but not limtied to age-restricted facilities or events, and alcohol consumption or purchase.

Criminal charges may be brought against a person who alters and/or possesses a false or fraudulent written instrument officially issued or created by public office, public servant or governmental instrumentality. Those who manufacture or alter an ID or driver’s license may be criminally charged with:

Forgery in the 2nd (Penal Law 170.10)-D Felony
Possession of a forged instrument in the 2nd degree (Penal Law 170.25) D Felony
Criminal impersonation in the 2nd degree (Penal Law 190.25)- A Misdemeanor
False impersonation (Penal Law 190.23)-B Misdemeanor

Alcoholic beverage control law and penal law have criminal penalties for attempting to purchase alcoholic beverages with an altered or false New York State driver’s license. New York State penal law defines a misdemeanor as a crime punishable by imprisonment for more than 15 days but no more than one year. A felony is a crime punishable by imprisonment for more than one year.

Standard Minimum Sanctions May Result In

Disciplinary Probation

D. Drugs and Other Illegal Substances

The unauthorized selling, purchasing, possession or distribution of drugs and other illegal substances, including, but not limited to narcotics, depressants, stimulants or hallucinogens is in violation of the Student Code of Conduct and state and federal laws. Manhattan University is not a sanctuary from civil authorities. The use of prescription drugs without a prescription or inconsistent with the prescribed dosage is prohibited. The University will cooperate with law enforcement agencies in apprehending specific individuals whose activities the authorities have good reason to suspect. Possession or distribution of synthetic or herb-based drugs is prohibited. The use of hookahs on campus is prohibited; if found in the residence halls, hookahs will be confiscated.

1. Distribution of Drugs and Illegal Substances: The distribution of marijuana, narcotics, and prescription medication and other illegal substances is strictly forbidden by the Student Code of Conduct. It also violates state and federal law. Evidence of sale and/or distribution may be reported to local law enforcement agencies. The possession of drugs or illegal substances in significant quantities may, by itself, indicate the intent to distribute such drugs or illegal substances.

Standard Minimum Sanctions May Result In

Expulsion from the University

2. Possession and Use of Drugs: The possession and/or use of such drugs is strictly forbidden. The use of prescription drugs without a prescription or inconsistent with the prescribed dosage is prohibited. While we recognize the use and misuse of substances as a health issue, we also are aware of its negative impact on the larger community.

3. Possession and Use of Drug Paraphernalia: No person shall use, possess or have under their control any drug paraphernalia, including but not limited to, water pipes, bongs, grinders, hypodermic syringes/needles not prescribed to them by a physician, glassine envelopes, scales and balances for the purpose of weighing and measuring a drug or controlled substance. If found, such paraphernalia will be confiscated by Manhattan University without reimbursement.

Standard Minimum Sanctions May Result In

First time offenders will generally receive parental notification, mandatory educational programming and revocation of privileges and fines. Second time offenders will generally receive more intensive counseling referral, parental notification, revocation of privileges, residence probation and a fine.
Chronic offenders (three or more offenses in an academic year) can lead to mandatory medical leave, involuntary leave of absence, mandatory substance abuse assessment, suspension and/or expulsion from the residence halls and/or the University. Chronic drug offenders may be required to participate in mandatory drug testing at the student’s expense.

E. Weapons

Possession of dangerous or lethal weapons, guns, knives, explosives, firecrackers or combustibles, paintball guns, flares etc. is prohibited. Possession of ammunition is prohibited. All replica weapons including decorative weapons for display are prohibited. Paintball guns, pellet guns and accessories are prohibited. Legal items converted to illegal use are prohibited (i.e. replica weapon, fake handguns etc.).

Standard Minimum Sanctions May Result In

Possession of these items results in confiscation and a fine at a minimum, but could increase up to and including expulsion. Should the offense violate penal code, more serious sanctions can be imposed.

F. Harassment

Harassment is abusive or threatening language, behavior that intentionally or recklessly abuses, ridicules, or mocks a person that may adversely affect their learning, living, or working environment. Examples include but are not limited to profanity, lewd pictures or words, and could involve:

Technology, email, social networking sites, or internet including violations of Manhattan University’s Computing Policy (See Computing Policy and Procedures);
Cartoons, caricatures, photos, online postings, etc.;
Graffiti or written messages. Defacing any property on campus;
Verbal harassment – face to face yelling, voicemails, phone calls, text messages, tweeting, IM’s, etc.;
Singling out an individual or group in an intolerant fashion including reference to religion, race, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, disability, etc. (See Sexual Harassment, Discrimination and all, Other Forms of Harassment policy Statement);
Language or actions, written or spoken, expressed with the intent or effect of inciting hatred or violence and to place the targets of the words in danger.

Standard Minimum Sanctions May Result In

Disciplinary Probation or Suspension from the University

G. Physical Harassment and Assault

Physical harassment or assault includes any action or situation that produces the physical discomfort of an individual or group or that places the individual or group in danger of physical injury, including but not limited to, punching, kicking, scratching, spitting, use of weapons, pushing, etc.

The university environment is designed as a place of safety to encourage the exchange of differing ideas and viewpoints. Students are expected to handle conflict without the use of force. In the event of physical threat, students should pursue every means possible to avoid physical retaliation. Students are encouraged to contact Public Safety to avoid physical altercations.

Standard Minimum Sanctions May Result In

Suspension or expulsion from the University

H. Hazing

Hazing in any form is expressly prohibited at Manhattan University. New York State defines hazing as a crime “when, in the course of another person’s initiation into or affiliation with any organization, he or she intentionally or recklessly engages in conduct which creates a substantial risk of physical injury.” The University considers hazing to include, but not be limited to: conduct or an activity, whether on or off campus, that is demeaning to an individual, produces mental or physical duress, harassment or ridicule, or which threatens or endangers the health or safety of any person. Examples of prohibited actions that are considered hazing include: paddling in any form, creation of excessive fatigue, physical and psychological shocks, morally degrading or humiliating games or activities, late (post-midnight) work sessions that interfere with scholastic activities and any other activities not consistent with the policies and regulations at Manhattan University.

The prohibition applies to individuals and also to organizations such as student clubs, social fraternities or sororities, athletic teams or any similar University-related group.

Standard Minimum Sanctions May Result In

Suspension from the University
Revocation or probation of student group/organization’s charter

I. Fire Safety

Fire poses a serious risk to everyone on campus and fire safety equipment, such as smoke detectors, fire extinguishers, fire alarm pull boxes and emergency routing signs, are installed in each University facility and residence hall for your protection (also, see Fire Safety Policy and Fire Safety Prohibited Items). Tampering with or misusing any fire safety device, jeopardizes your safety and the safety of others and will result in disciplinary action and/or arrest. Actions considered a violation of fire safety regulations include, but are not limited to:

Tampering with fire alarms, fire extinguishers, fire doors, sprinklers, etc.;
Smoking indoors;
Disposing of lit smoking products in trash receptacles;
Starting or maintaining any open flame in unauthorized University spaces (i.e. residence halls, library, classroom, etc.);
Blocking or locking fire exits;
Propping doors open.

Standard Minimum Sanctions May Result In

Expulsion or suspension from residence halls and/or suspension or expulsion from the University

J. Respect for Property

Vandalism or theft of University, organization, or personal property (including, but not limited to library, computer files, or any other personal possessions, etc.) is a violation of the Student Code of Conduct and Community Standards.

Standard Minimum Sanctions May Result In

Restitution, though any sanction may apply depending on the level and manner of the damage.

K. General Student Code of Conduct Issues

As it is not possible to list every possible violation of the Student Code of Conduct that can occur, we are offering a general list of violations that can be adjudicated applying the Student Code of Conduct. These issues can occur in a wide variety of settings, both on and off campus and may require a wide range of sanctions depending on the severity of the situation. Please refer to the continuum of disciplinary sanctions to inform yourself of potential outcomes. The following violations are often self-explanatory, but deserve specific mention in the Student Code of Conduct.

Any conduct that would violate any local, state or federal government criminal code.
Any behavior that is contrary to the order requisite for the educational community, including but not limited to, conduct that threatens or endangers the life, health, safety or well-being of self or others.
Unauthorized entry or use of University facilities, unauthorized possession, duplication or use of keys, Manhattan University identification cards or pass codes to University facilities.
Failure to comply with the directives of University officials acting in performance of their duties.
Refusal to show ID card to administrative, academic, Public Safety or food service personnel, members of Student Life staff, or members of Student Government who are performing their assigned duties.
Physical or verbal abuse of a University official.
Illegal gambling.
Smoking and Vaping. Manhattan University is 100% smoke- and vape-free campus.
Abuse of telecommunications (i.e. telephone, email, cable TV). A growing area of concern for students is copyright infringement when downloading products from the internet. (See Computing Policy and Procedures.)
Engaging or threatening to engage in behavior that poses imminent danger of causing harm to self or others, would cause property damage, or would directly impede the lawful activities of others, including but not limited to use of mechanical or motorized vehicles or conveyances where prohibited.
Violations of any other rules, regulations and policies outlined in this document and on the official University website, including but not limited to policies statements such as Sexual Harassment, Computing, and Advertising.
Providing false information to the University when participating in the disciplinary process as a witness or as a student charged with a violation.
Indecent behaviors include, but are not limited to the following: profanity, indecent exposure, lewd or obscene expressions, disrespectful statements toward University personnel, public urination, etc.
Any attempt by a member or a visitor to the University community to intimidate, penalize, or threaten a person who is involved in the report of or an investigation into misconduct is prohibited. This includes, but is not limited to, the reporting party, the party being investigated, and any and all witnesses.

The aforementioned list of violations is not exhaustive; however it gives a solid foundation for the types of behavior that violate the Student Code of Conduct. Again, depending on the specific situation, these violations can result in a variety of sanctions that exist on the continuum of sanctions which follows. As a reminder, the adjudication of such offenses shall be considered from a Lasallian model of educational opportunity. The well-being of the collective community is also considered in light of individual conduct.

III.Title IX/Sexual Harassment

The Title IX/Sexual Harassment Policy is available for review via the Title IX office by clicking here.

IV. Residence Life Community Standards and Code of Conduct

A. Quiet Hours

Courtesy hours are in effect 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. This means that music, conversation, TV volumes and all other noise should be respectful of community living.

Quiet hours are from Sunday through Thursday, 11:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m. and on Friday and Saturday from midnight to 8:00 a.m. This means that music, conversation, TV volumes and all other noise should not emanate beyond one’s room.

Standard Minimum Sanctions May Result In

Reprimand. Chronic violations of quiet hours can lead to suspension from residence halls.

B. Manhattan University Student and Guest Visiting Policy

The guest policy provides resident students the opportunity to have friends visit while respecting the rights of roommates and suitemates to a studious atmosphere. There are designated times during the year when guest privileges are restricted. Residents should speak to their RA or Area Coordinator if a visitor or guest is infringing on their right to a comfortable living environment.

Day Guest: Any person who is not a resident of a specific Manhattan University residence hall entering with a resident host between 8:00 am and 12:00 am (this extends to 2:00 am for day guests arriving on Friday and Saturday). Residents may host up to two day guests at a time. Only one day guest from outside the University community may be signed at a time and must be pre-registered through the my MU portal. All residents must sign their guests in with the host in the main lobby of the building at the Public Safety desk.

Standard Minimum Sanctions May Result In

If a day guest leaves after the required time, the MU resident will receive a written warning for the first violation, a $20 fine for the second, and a $30 fine and a suspension of guest privileges for the third.
Resident may also face reprimand and other sanctions.

Overnight Guest: Residents may have an overnight guest for up to two consecutive nights and three consecutive days, leaving no later than noon on the day the guest pass expires, otherwise the ID will be forwarded to the Public Safety office in Jasper Hall. Residents may host guests for up to 6 nights per month at two day intervals, and no more than two overnight guests at any given time. The resident who plans to have an overnight guest is expected to provide the courtesy of a discussion with one’s roommate(s) prior to having an overnight guest. The resident must accompany their guest at all times on campus and is responsible for the guest’s behavior while on campus.

The resident must complete a guest request/registration form on the myMU Portal and get approval from Residence Life staff at least 24 hours in advance of the visit. The guest leaves a photo ID with Public Safety in the residence hall each time they enter the residence hall and claim it each time they leave.

A host of the same gender is required when a guest of the opposite gender is visiting overnight. Opposite genders may not reside in the same room overnight.

Overnight guests may not visit during the first two weekends of the first semester, the first full weekend of the second semester, during winter intersession, spring break, the final exam period (starting on the last day of classes), and during holiday periods.

Standard Minimum Sanctions May Result In

Violation of this policy can result in a variety of sanctions from reprimand up to and including residence hall probation or suspension.

C. Physical Plant Violations

Any tampering with physical plant including but not limited to the following: Throwing and/or causing objects or substances out of, into or onto residence hall windows, doors, balconies or other such areas; the alteration or removal of University-provided devices and furnishings from the residence halls, including room, lounge or public area furniture or amenities; unauthorized lock installations on any residence hall doors or spaces; displaying unauthorized banners or advertisements from residence hall windows; tampering with or removal of window screens or window guards; unapproved alterations to one’s room or any space in a residence hall, including painting.

Standard Minimum Sanctions May Result In

Restitution and/or reprimand, up to and including housing suspension depending on severity of incident.

D. Residence Hall Procedures for Orderly Environment

Contributing to the illegal/unauthorized entry of another into the residence hall; unauthorized room changes; failure to complete the check-in or checkout process properly (see Residence Life office and/or University website for detailed policies); creating an uninviting room atmosphere that forces a roommate to move out of the assigned room; failure to maintain healthy standards of personal hygiene and/or room cleanliness to the extent that it interferes with the general comfort, safety or welfare of one’s roommate(s) or the residence hall community; improper or lack of disposing of refuse in proper waste containers, or failure to comply with recycling guidelines, including empty cans, bottles or food containers.

Standard Minimum Sanctions May Result In

Restitution and/or Reprimand, up to and including housing suspension depending on severity of incident

E. Standard Prohibitions in Residence Halls

Any item that could cause physical injury, including but not limited to dart boards and paintballs; operating a business/commercial enterprise from a residence hall room; unauthorized solicitation, recruitment for membership, subscription, polling, posting, canvassing by students or non-University individuals, nonregistered groups or organizations in the residence halls; entry to restricted areas within the residence halls (including but not limited to, balconies, roof areas, offices, closets, attics, etc) except when required in an emergency; creating/contributing to an unsafe condition within the residence halls; playing or participating in sports or other recreational activity within the residence hall rooms, hallways, common areas or any area not designated for physical recreation; having animals or pets in the residence halls, except for fish in an aquarium of 20 or fewer gallons; objectionable advertisement in residence hall windows facing outward.

Standard Minimum Sanctions May Result In

Reprimand, up to and including residence hall probation and/or suspension. Possible suspension or expulsion from the University.

F. Community Damages

When a common area (such as a bathroom, hallway or lounge) is damaged or vandalized, if the ensuing investigation does not result in a responsible individual being identified, every resident who lives in that area is billed a share of the cost for repair or replacement. Please be aware that trash left behind, spills, room trash in the bathroom or a mess of any kind is considered vandalism. To avoid being billed, residents must properly dispose of the trash in the designated areas, clean up messes that occur, and report to Residence Life or Public Safety any acts of vandalism or damage witnessed.

G. Room/Apartment Combination Policy

Residence halls have room combinations. Residents should keep these combinations private for safety purposes. Unauthorized use of room keys and door combinations is prohibited (see General Student Code of Conduct Issues) and will result in disciplinary action.

In cases where combinations need to be changed due to misuse by a resident, students living the space will be charged $25 for door combination changes. All students in the room/suite/apartment will be charged unless responsibility is determined to lie with one student, in which case all charges will be applied to that individual.

V. Off- Campus Conduct Policy

The purpose of the Good Neighbor Policy is to set community standards of behavior for Manhattan University students residing off-campus and participating in events both on and off-campus. Manhattan University is located within an urban environment surrounded by several residential neighborhoods. Guidelines for off-campus conduct have been established in order to uphold standards of behavior consistent with the community standards of behavior for Manhattan University students and to ensure that we continue to foster an environment that is considerate of the rights of all neighbors in our extended community. This policy applies to, but is not limited to, use of non-University residences, public transportation, parks, sporting events and recreation venues, other schools, retail establishments and municipal parking regulations.

In keeping with the Lasallian tradition of respect for the dignity of each individual, Manhattan University requires all students to act in a manner that is civil, safe, and respectful at all times. Manhattan University students are expected to uphold these community standards both on and off campus. All students are accountable for behavior that adversely impacts the Manhattan University community or the community at large. Adverse impact includes, but is not limited to, any behavior considered disruptive to the neighbors and businesses in the surrounding community.

A. Policy

Manhattan University students are expected to be exemplary citizens and to uphold community standards. All students are expected to respect the rights of others while accepting the responsibilities as well as the benefits of good citizenship. The University may arrange forums at the beginning of each academic year for students living in residence halls and for those living in non-University housing. Attendance at such forums is encouraged.

B. Procedures

Students living off-campus are required to notify the Registrar’s Office of their local address by updating the Personal Information tab on Self-Service. Failure to notify the Registrar’s Office may result in the student’s inability to register for classes, or to receive other University privileges such as use of the library, the Jasper Dining Card, dining services, or computer labs. Address should include the building and apartment number. If your address changes, you must notify the registrar.

C. Drugs and Illegal Substances, Alcohol, and Environmental Conditions

To support the goal of being good neighbors, confirmed reports of the following illegal or disruptive behavior will not be tolerated and will be referred to the Manhattan University Disciplinary Judicial process and may result in sanctions, including fines:

Drugs and Illegal Substances: The University prohibits the possession, use, sharing or distribution of illegal drugs and will also assist law enforcement in the investigation of such activity, including the possession or distribution of prescription medication by or to someone for whom that medicine was not prescribed.
Alcohol: Violations of local and state laws relative to alcohol abuse and underage drinking, including, but not limited to, the use, sale, or distribution of fake IDs.
Environmental Conditions: Failure to maintain sanitary conditions, littering, and failure to manage refuse in containers.
Disorderly Conduct: Excessive or unreasonable noise; public indecency; sponsoring parties for profit; damaging or defacing property; and/or other behavior which infringes on the rights of neighbors.

If any of the above violations occur in a unit occupied by multiple residents, and an individual resident cannot be specifically identified as the perpetrator, all residents of the off-campus unit will be considered in violation of this Policy.

D. Sanctions and Nuisance Residences

Sanctions:

First time offenders may be subject to fines of up to $500.00 per student, disciplinary probation, and/or community service. Students who have registered their local, off-campus addresses may receive lesser sanctions than those who have not provided this information.
Second time offenders will be subject to fines up to and including $750.00 per student, designation as a Nuisance Residence, and/or possible suspension from the University.
Chronic Offenders (three or more offenses per academic year) may be subject to fines up to and including $1500.00 and/or Suspension/Expulsion from the University.

Nuisance Residence

Any off-campus apartment, house, or other dwelling where there have been repeated complaints about disruptive behavior may be designated as a “Nuisance Residence”. Repeated complaints may be documented in a number of ways such as, neighbor complaints, reports to 311, reports to 911, police reports, police response to off-campus residence, or reports of the same to Public Safety. Once a dwelling has been designated a “Nuisance Residence,” Manhattan University students will be prohibited from living at that residence for a designated length of time. The University will also notify the landlord, if contact information is available, of policy violations as they become known to the University.

VI. Disciplinary Sanctions

A. Disciplinary Sanctions

When it has been determined that a student has violated the University Code of Conduct or any other University rule, a sanction or combination of sanctions may be imposed. Possible sanctions are as follows:

Reprimand: The student is warned that further misconduct may result in more severe disciplinary action. It is recorded in the office of the Dean of Students, but not reflected on academic records or the University transcript. This is a sanction which is available for some first time offenses and in offenses where there is great educational value in the student participating in the disciplinary process. Administrators will use this when they view the participation in the disciplinary process as a likely deterrent from future behavior that violates University policy.
Restitution and/or Fines: The student is required to make payment to the University or to other persons, groups or organizations for damages and/or punitive sanctions incurred as a result of the violation. To honor Manhattan University's Lasallian tradition, sanction money may be allocated to a designated charity and/or student life educational programming when it is not used to replace damages caused by a student.
Community Service: Students may be subject to mandatory service projects. This sanction may be utilized in situation where students have been a negative influencing factor in the community so they can give back to a community to restore it to its status quo. It is also utilized to encourage students who have been negatively engaged to foster positive relationships on campus.
Educational Programs: Students may be required to successfully complete or attend an educational program. Examples include, but are not limited to lectures, research projects and online educational programs. This sanction is based in the Lasallian tradition of promoting education and to help individuals become both more aware of themselves as well as the impact they have on their community.
Revocation of Privileges: A student may be subject to losing a privilege on campus due to the abuse of that privilege. For example, a student may lose the privileges of visitation of the residence halls or guest privileges in the residence halls or on campus. In addition, students may lose use of exercise equipment, student life activities, gymnasium, etc. The student may be subject to loss of privileges at other sites or events on campus or at University activities off campus. It is recorded in the Office of Dean of Students but not reflected on academic records or the University transcript.
Mandatory Referral: A student may be referred to counseling, anger management and/or training. When a student is referred to the Counseling Center or required to find a service provider outside the University, the information from the session will remain confidential. The Counselor will only report back to the hearing administrator whether the student complied with the sanction and attended the session.
Other Sanctions: Should a student violate a policy and there is a beneficial alternative option for sanctioning than those listed in the Community Standards and Student Code of Conduct, the hearing administrator may submit a request in writing to the Dean of Students for an alternative sanction. If the Dean of Students or the Dean’s designee determines the alternative sanction would benefit both the student and the University while being comparative to listed forms of sanction, the alternative sanction may be applied.
Sanction for Groups: Groups are liable for the same sanctions as individuals. A group may be reprimanded, required to pay for damages incurred or placed on probation and, thereby, denied the right to sponsor any social function on campus for a stated period of time. In addition, a group may be suspended until conditions established at the time of suspension are fulfilled.
Residence Probation: The student is subject to expulsion or suspension from the residence halls if any further violations of the University policy or law occur. The student will be subject to loss of privileges, including visitation, and have reduced access in the housing selection process. Students on residence hall probation will not be eligible to participate in study abroad or similar travel experiences for the duration of their probation. It is recorded in the Office of Dean of Students but not reflected on academic records or the University transcript. Parent/guardian notification may occur.
Expulsion or Suspension from the Residence Halls: The student shall lose the privilege of living in the residence halls permanently or for a specified amount of time. The student is also prohibited from visiting the residence halls. Conditions for re-admission into the residence halls will be established at the time of suspension. It is recorded in the student’s file in the Office of the Dean of Students but is not reflected on academic records or the University transcript. Parent/guardian notification may occur.
Disciplinary Probation: The student shall not represent the University in any extracurricular or co-curricular activity or run for or hold office in any student group or organization. If deemed appropriate, the student may also be barred from all extracurricular activities or be allowed on University property only to the extent that class schedule or residence on campus requires. Students on disciplinary probation are not eligible to participate in study abroad or similar travel experiences for the duration of their probation. It is recorded in the student’s file in the Office of Dean of Students but is not reflected on academic records or the University transcript. Parent/guardian notification may occur. Additional restrictions or conditions, such as fines, may also be imposed. Violation of any of the terms of Disciplinary Probation or additional violation of University policy subjects a student to immediate suspension or dismissal.
Suspension from University: Separating the student from the University for a specified period of time when a student has committed a serious or repeated violation of a University policy, rule or regulation, or when the University makes a determination that: (i) the student’s continued presence on campus disrupts the conduct of regular University functions and activities; (ii) the student’s continued presence on campus may pose a risk, threat or danger to the student or others; or (iii) the student fails to comply with significant University directions or regulations. Suspension can also be appropriate in situations where one of these factors is not evident. Appropriate faculty, administrators, and University offices will be informed of the terms of a student’s suspension. If deemed appropriate, and consistent with the law, parents or guardians will be advised of the suspension. During a period of suspension, a student may not continue to participate in academic programs or classes, may not be on property contiguous to campus and may not attend University-related events without written permission from the Dean of Students. Students who have been suspended from the University will remain on disciplinary probation for the duration of their University attendance, post suspension. It is recorded in the student’s file in the Office of Dean of Students but is not reflected in academic records or on the University transcript. A student who is suspended will have to comply with all conditions established by the University for readmission at the completion of the suspension.*
Expulsion: Permanent separation of the student from the University is given in extremely serious or repetitive cases of misconduct and/or violation of the laws. An expelled student may not enroll in the University at any future date. Expelled students must also seek authorization from the Office of Public Safety to fulfill any appointments on campus. It is recorded in the student’s file in the Office of the Dean of Students, on the academic record and the University transcript. A letter is sent to the Dean of the student’s school and to the parent or guardian.*

*Students who engage in behavior which is so detrimental to the campus community that they must lose their right to housing, be suspended from the University, or be expelled from the University, are not subject to reimbursement for money paid for the semester in accordance with Title IV federal guidelines.

VII. Judicial Process, Procedures, and Adjudicating Bodies

A. Violation and Complaint Procedures

Typically Student Code of Conduct violations and complaints are processed in the following manner:

Reporting an Incident: All members of the Manhattan University Community are encouraged to report any conduct unbecoming the Lasallian Catholic character of the school or in violation of the Student Code of Conduct. Please contact the Office of Dean of Students, Public Safety, Residence Life, or the Director of Equity, Diversity, and Chief Title IX Coordinator for assistance in generating a report. In an emergency, contact Public Safety immediately at 718-862-7333.

Preliminary Investigation and Report: A preliminary report of an incident or complaint may be prepared by the Office of Dean of Students, Residence Life, or Public Safety staff or jointly by all departments. Interviews may be conducted, evidence collected, unauthorized items confiscated and photos taken for review by Public Safety. Violations of law may result in immediate police intervention.

Incident and Complaint Review: All reports and complaints are then reviewed by Public Safety, the Office of Dean of Students, and/or Residence Life in a timely fashion. A final report is then prepared by Public Safety, reflecting both Residence Life, when applicable, and Public Safety department findings and recommendations. A final report may be delayed pending a further investigation by Public Safety administrators, including but not limited to additional interviews and closed circuit TV footage review.

Judicial and Counseling Referrals: Based on the nature of the violation or complaint, Public Safety typically makes a referral to the Office of Dean of Students. From that point, depending on the nature of the incident, there can be referral to the Counseling Center in addition to a judicial review. Referral to the counseling center is not a punishment; rather, this is a key area for appropriate, developmental educational intervention.

Referral to the Counseling Center - for drugs and/or alcohol use, medical or mental health issues.
Referral to the CARE Team - to provide comprehensive student support.
Referral to the Office of Dean of Students - for judicial review and action.

B. Judicial Process and Procedures

The judicial process is utilized when it is possible that a student has violated the Student Code of Conduct, University policy or procedure, or local, state, or federal law. Administrators of the judicial process reserve the right, with the approval of the Dean of Students, to conduct mediation in certain circumstances when it may be more beneficial for the students involved. The Judicial Process may be conducted through any of the following procedures, as is determined appropriate by the Dean of Students or their designee: Disciplinary authority is vested in the Dean of Students. The standard for disciplinary decision-making is based on a preponderance of the evidence.

Hearing and Findings: Once the incident report has been referred, the Office of Dean of Students will determine the hearing administrator, as warranted by the severity of violation(s). The Dean of Students may also act as hearing administrator. The hearing administrator will review the case as well as all information, reports and evidence that have been developed during the investigation and thereafter meet with the student to discuss the incident. At the hearing, the student will be provided with a description of the incident and the alleged violation(s) and will be given an opportunity to take responsibility for the violation(s). The hearing administrator is charged with determining responsibility based on a preponderance of the evidence. The student will be informed of the potential sanctions by the hearing administrator. These sanctions will coincide with the standard sanction guidelines. Should a student fail to attend the hearing, the hearing administrator may adjudicate the case in absentia. A violation may be dismissed at any time. The University reserves the right to initiate immediate interim restrictions depending on severity of violation(s). This includes, but is not limited to actions such as temporary or permanent administrative housing reassignment, suspension from housing, suspension from classes, no-contact orders, etc.
Student Conduct Conference: When alleged violations will lead to sanctions less than probation (see Section VI for the sanctioning continuum), students will meet with an administrator in a Student Conduct Conference. This process is separate from the Judicial Hearing processes referenced throughout this document. Students will receive notice to attend a Conference via email, which will include alleged violations and a generalized summary of the incident. Students found responsible for violations of the Community Standards and Student Code of Conduct in a Conference will be notified of sanctions and reserve the right to an appeal.
Notice of Written Warning: When alleged violations wil lresult in a written warning, students may receive a notice of a finding of responsibility via email without a hearing or conference. Situations where these notices may be used include, but are not limited to, prohibited items found in student rooms in the residence halls and guest policy violations. Students may respond to the notice to request a Student Conduct Conference to discuss the incident with an administrator. A request for a Conference would not be considered an appeal of the original decision, and students would retain the right to request an appeal after receiving an outcome letter for the Conference.
Requests for Appeals: Requests for appeals must be made within three (3) business days of notification of the original decision. All appeal requests must be made in writing and should be submitted electronically via the Student Conduct Appeals Form available here and linked in your outcome letter. Appeals will be responded to by the Assistant Dean of Students or referred to an appropriate appellate officer or panel. The University calendar may dictate the time frame of the appeal. All appellate decisions are final.

Guidelines for Appeals

One appeal per violation hearing will be permitted and must meet one or more of the following grounds for appeal:

The student asserts a procedural error that substantially impacted the original finding or sanction(s);
New evidence, unavailable during the original hearing or investigation, has arisen that substantially impacted the original finding or sanction(s);
The sanction(s) that were imposed are substantially outside the parameters or guidelines set by the Manhattan University Community Standards and Student Code of Conduct.

Appellate Officer/Panel Outcomes

The appellate officer or panel, upon review of the case, may:

Affirm the decision rendered in the original hearing;
Reassign the case or remand it to the original hearing officer or panel with instructions to correct procedural error;
Remand the case to the original hearing officer or panel with recommendation to consider new evidence;
Remand the case to the original hearing officer or panel for reconsideration of sanction(s).

The appellate officer/panel does not make decisions of responsibility, nor do they assign sanctions. Granted appeals will be remanded to the original hearing officer to render a new decision, or reassigned to another hearing officer.

C. Adjudication Bodies

1. The Student Court

a.) Authority: Student Court has the authority to hear cases involving alleged violations of Student Government regulations, University regulations, and Student Code of Conduct within its jurisdiction, as referred by the Office of Dean of Students. It also adjudicates appeals of campus traffic tickets.

b.) Membership: The Court is composed of a Chief Justice and Associate Justices that are appointed by Student Government.

c.) Sanctioning Ability: See Student Court Procedures. The Student Court has the authority to apply any sanction outlined in the Community Standards and Student Code of Conduct from Sanction #1 through Sanction #8.

2. The Dean of Students and the Dean of Students Board

a.) Authority: The Dean of Students is the Chief Judicial Officer and has the authority to hear any cases of alleged violation of Community Standards and Student Code of Conduct.

b.) Membership: The Dean of Students reserves the right to make decisions on any judicial issues. The Dean of Students may also convene a Dean's Board of judicially trained faculty and administrators to address serious cases of alleged misconduct. The board consists of three total members of the administration and faculty. The board will be chaired by the Dean of Students, Assistant Dean of Students, or designee. The chair will not be involved in decision making, but will receive the decision of the board and communicate it the accused student.

c.) Sanctioning Ability: The Dean of Students and the Dean of Students Board may apply any sanction as outlined in the Community Standards and Student Code of Conduct.

D. Student Rights in Hearings

The following procedural rights are provided to accused students in hearings administered by the Dean of Students, the University Judiciary Council or Student Court or any other hearing administrator:

Notice of specific violations and potential sanctions
Access to evidence will be supplied in advance
Opportunity to respond to the evidence and to call up to and including one corroborating and two character witnesses
An advisor from the Manhattan University Community who may not speak for the accused and may not be an attorney

The student may submit a supplemental explanation in writing to their hearing administrator. The student may also decline to make any statement without it being used against them. The student also has the right to actively participate in the discussion to best communicate their role in the documented incident.

Student’s parents/guardians or attorney(s) are not allowed to attend board hearings.

The Department's final draft regulation, presented at the third and last session, simplified the proposed definition of “advisor” in § 668.46(k)(3)(ii) by defining the term to mean an individual who provides the accuser or accused support, guidance, or advice. The Department's draft language moved substantive provisions from the prior definition of “advisor” into a new § 668.46(k)(2)(iv) to provide that an institution may not limit the choice of advisor for either the accuser or the accused; however, the institution may establish restrictions regarding the extent to which the advisor may participate in the proceedings, as long as the restrictions apply equally to both parties. This change was intended to separate the definition of the term “advisor” from the role the advisor plays in a disciplinary hearing. At the outset of the discussion of this issue, the Department made clear that its interpretation of the statutory language was that the accused and the accuser are entitled to an advisor of their choice, including an attorney. One non-Federal negotiator suggested that the Department add language to new § 668.46(k)(2)(iv) to bar an institution from limiting the choice or presence of an advisor for either the accuser or the accused to make it clear that both parties in the proceeding are entitled to be accompanied by an advisor. Other non-Federal negotiators felt this was redundant given that § 668.46(k)(2)(iii) states that the accuser and the accused have the same opportunities to have others present during any institutional disciplinary proceeding, including the opportunity to be accompanied to any related meeting or proceeding by the advisor of their choice. The non-Federal negotiators expressed strong concerns on both sides of this issue. Several non-Federal negotiators characterized the restriction on an institution's ability to limit the choice of an advisor as a significant change that would create a serious burden on institutions while others characterized the requirement as a long-overdue protection for victims of sexual violence. Ultimately, the negotiators agreed to the language in proposed § 668.46(k)(2)(iii), which would provide that the institution cannot limit the choice or presence of advisor for either the accuser or the accused in any meeting or institutional disciplinary proceeding. However, proposed § 668.46(k)(2)(iv) would allow institutions to establish restrictions regarding the extent to which the advisor may participate in the proceedings, as long as the restrictions apply equally to both parties. We note that the proposed definition of “advisor” to mean someone who provides the accuser or accused support, guidance, or advice is not intended to include individuals acting as interpreters or translators. For example, a victim with limited English proficiency involved in a campus disciplinary proceeding who requires an interpreter to understand the proceedings would still be entitled to bring an advisor of their choice.

E. Jurisdiction

The University may adjudicate all violations of the Student Code of Conduct and University policy violations on or off campus at all times. Students are accountable to both civil authorities and to the University for acts that constitute violations of law and of the Student Code of Conduct. Disciplinary action at the University will proceed independent of criminal/civil proceedings and cannot be challenged on the basis of legal proceedings.
Students who are separated from the University while there are judicial charges pending with the University will be required to engage in the judicial process either before leaving or following their return to campus. A few such examples of such separation might be medical withdrawal, administrative withdrawal, study abroad, etc.

F. Parental Notification

In 1974, Congress adopted the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), known as the Buckley Amendment, which affords students federally protected rights to privacy. Recent amendments to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act allow the University to notify parents if students are involved in alcohol or drug-related incidents.

Hearing officers will notify the parent(s)/guardian(s) of students in cases involving alcohol and other drugs, as well as in cases where status changes are made (ex. probation, suspension, or expulsion).

G. Amnesty for Health Emergencies Relating to Drugs and Alcohol

Manhattan University is committed to promoting a safe and healthy environment for all students. The Manhattan University drug and alcohol amnesty policy benefits the campus by encouraging students to make responsible decisions in seeking medical attention in serious or life-threatening situations that result from drug and alcohol use. This policy seeks to diminish fear of disciplinary and conduct sanctioning in such situations to encourage individuals and organizations to seek needed medical attention for students in distress from drug and alcohol use.

Procedure

Students who initiate contact with Public Safety or other staff for the purpose of requesting emergency medical services due to drug or alcohol intoxication may be eligible for the amnesty policy as determined by the Office of Dean of Students. At the time of the incident, standard protocols will be followed, including confiscation of drugs and alcohol, and student’s emergency contacts may be contacted.

Students will be contacted by a hearing officer and provided with the policies that will be discussed. If the student was determined to be responsible for violating one or more drug or alcohol policies, they will receive a notice of educational interventions. If those interventions are completed, the student record will reflect the application of the amnesty policy and those findings will not be reported as a part of Student Conduct Records requests. Punitive sanctions will not be applied, though restitution may be required in the event of related damage to property.

Students who fail to comply with the educational intervention will receive holds on their student accounts and may be referred for discipline.

Application of the policy

This policy applies only to those students that seek emergency medical assistance in connection with a drug or alcohol related emergency and does not apply to individuals experiencing drug or alcohol related medical emergencies who are found by University officials (ex. Public Safety, Residence Life staff, faculty, administrators, etc).

This policy does not preclude Manhattan University from taking actions for violations associated with drug distribution, vandalism, theft, physical assault, sexual assault, or other policy violations. This policy does not preclude other appropriate authorities from acting on violations which may be associated with the illegal possession or consumption of drugs and alcohol.

Students who demonstrate a consistent and repeated pattern of behavior, after appropriate intervention and education have been provided, will not be considered for amnesty.

VIII. Academic Policies

Students should be aware that the information in this section reflects the official statements of academic policies and procedures as published in the Manhattan University Catalog. Highlights are included here for the convenience of students. Students are expected to be familiar with all academic policies.

A. Academic Integrity ¹

The mission of Manhattan University is to provide a contemporary, person-centered educational experience characterized by high academic standards, reflection on faith, values, ethics and lifelong career preparation. In keeping with this mission, Manhattan University has devoted itself to fostering a climate of academic trust and integrity, so that our students master their disciplines through their own hard work and manifest their respect for their own work and the work of others through openness and honesty. Our students accept the Academic Code of Honor and pledge that they will not cheat, lie or steal or tolerate others who do. Academic integrity is at the heart of the Manhattan University learning experience.

Academic integrity means that every member of the academic community accepts the responsibility to be honest, truthful, ethical and accountable for all intellectual efforts, for all access to and presentation of data, facts, information and opinions, and for all access to and use of data or other files (printed, oral, audio, video or digital) related in any way to students, faculty, staff or administration. In addition, every member of the Manhattan University community must understand what can constitute violations of academic integrity, the consequences in terms of penalties, and by what process penalties are imposed.

For this Academic Integrity Policy (the “Policy”) to be effective, all members of the faculty: shall be responsible for becoming familiar with the Policy; shall determine if students in their courses are compliant with the requirements of the Policy; and shall report any and all violations pursuant to the process outlined by the Policy. It is vital that this policy be implemented consistently.

II. Violations of Academic Integrity and Sanctions

Part A - Definitions of Academic Integrity Violations

Cheating: Cheating is the use of or attempted use of inappropriate, unauthorized or prohibited materials, information, sources, study aids, devices, or assistance of others (including AI engines) in any academic exercise or examination in an effort to misrepresent mastery of material.

Fabrication. Fabrication refers to the use of invented information or the falsification of creative or scholarly works, sources, citations, data, research, findings, and/or results in any academic exercise.

Plagiarism. Plagiarism occurs when a person represents work (e.g. words, ideas, phrases, sentences, data, etc.) which is not their own as their own work without acknowledgement or credit. This includes work generated by AI engines.

Academic Misconduct. Academic Misconduct is any other act of academic dishonesty that does not specifically fall in one of the above categories. Examples of academic misconduct are not limited to, but include:

Assisting another to commit any act of academic dishonesty;
Misrepresenting or tampering with a student’s transcripts or academic record;
Attempting to gain unauthorized advantage over fellow students in an academic exercise;
Taking an exam, test, or quiz for another student;
Selling or distributing an exam, test, quiz, assignment, project, computer program, or paper;
Collaborating on an exam, test, quiz, assignment, project, computer program, or paper without express permission of faculty member/instructor;
Intentionally destroying or tampering with another student’s work;
Hiding, keeping, removing, stealing, destroying, tampering, or defacing computer hardware or software, as well as posted, library reserve, library or other University materials;
Violating any part of the University’s Responsible Use of Computing and Information Services Policy.

This is not an exhaustive list because Academic Integrity Violations may occur in other contexts.

Part B - Levels of Violations

Academic Integrity Violations are classified into four groups – Warnings and three levels of Violations. Classification is based on the severity of the violation and is dependent on a number of factors, including but not limited to: whether the violation is a first-time offense; academic experience of the accused student; nature of the academic exercise; whether there was extensive planning or collaboration involved; and/or degree of malicious or dishonest intent. The descriptions listed below may not be all-inclusive.

Warnings

Warnings consist of those instances when, in the opinion of the faculty member, the student’s actions may be the result of inexperience (most common among first year students). Warnings level violations will be characterized by a lack of evidence of planning or collaboration.

One-Point Violations

One-Point Violations consist of instances involving cheating, plagiarism, fabrication, or academic misconduct in which there is evidence of a low level of planning (e.g., looking at another student’s answers during an exam or plagiarism not exceeding 10% of the work), but no collaboration.

Two-Point Violations

Two-Point Violations consist of instances involving cheating, plagiarism, fabrication, or academic misconduct in which there is evidence of a moderate level of planning (e.g., materials created for the purpose of cheating or plagiarism exceeding 10% of the work) or collaboration.

Four-Point Violations

Four-Point Violations are the most serious breaches of academic integrity. These consist of instances involving cheating, plagiarism, fabrication, or academic misconduct when there is documented evidence that the student’s actions represent a blatant disregard or disrespect for the expectations of academic integrity. Four-Point violations involve substantial planning and/or collaboration, may involve criminal activity, and will more than likely involve clearly dishonest or malicious intent.

C. Sanctions

If a student is alleged to have committed an Academic Integrity Violation, then the first step in the process is reporting by the faculty member (Faculty Member), and the second step is determining appropriate sanctions. The second step is conducted by the dean of the student’s school (Student’s Dean). If a student is found in violation of the Policy on Academic Integrity, the severity of the sanction(s) imposed will be proportional to the severity of the violation committed and shall be imposed as follows:

Warnings (the following sanction will be imposed):

Required participation in Academic Integrity tutorials offered through the Center for Academic Success within 30 days of being notified; failure to complete these tutorials will result in the Warning becoming a One-Point Violation.

Record-keeping:

The Faculty Member creates a Record of Warning in Jasper Connect, which details the violation. That Record is transmitted to the Student, the Student’s Dean, the Faculty Member’s Dean (if different), and the Registrar’s Office.
The Student’s Dean shall review the record, consult with the Faculty Member, consult with the Faculty Member’s Dean (if different), meet with the Student, and then makes the final determination as to the level of the violation and sanctions to be imposed. If the sanction is different from that proposed by the Faculty Member, the Dean communicates the reasons for the difference to the Faculty Member. The determination is communicated to the Student, the Faculty Member, and the Faculty Member’s Dean (if different) via email and to the Student via mail.
Record of the Warning is placed in the student’s file kept by the Registrar’s Office* and the student file held by the student’s school.
A second Warning appearing in a student’s file will be treated as a One-Point Violation.
*NOTE: This information will not be shared except when the student applies to post-graduate institutions and those institutions require disclosure of the information.

One-Point Violations (both of the following sanctions will be imposed):

Assignment of no credit or zero for work in question.
Required participation in Academic Integrity tutorials offered through the Center for Academic Success within 30 days of being notified; failure to complete these tutorials will result in the One-Point violation becoming a Two-Point violation.

Record-keeping:

The Faculty Member creates a Record of Violation in Jasper Connect. That Record is transmitted to the Student, the Student’s Dean, the Faculty Member’s Dean (if different), and the Registrar’s Office.
The Student’s Dean shall review the record, consult with the Faculty Member, consult with the Faculty Member’s Dean (if different), meet with the Student, and then makes the final determination as to the level of the violation and sanctions to be imposed. If the sanction is different from that proposed by the Faculty Member, the Dean communicates the reasons for the difference to the Faculty Member. The determination is communicated to the Student, the Faculty Member, and the Faculty Member’s Dean (if different) via email and to the Student via mail.
Record of the Violation is placed in the student’s file kept by the Registrar’s Office* and the student file held by the student’s school. In addition, violations with points are reported to the Dean of Students.

When there is at least a 30-day period between reporting of violations, the points associated with violations accumulate in two ways: 1) if the total points of violations a student is determined to have committed is four or more, then a four-point sanction is imposed, and 2) a second and third One-Point Violation will receive the sanction associated with a Two-Point Violation (but still count as just one point each toward the total points accumulated). When more than one violation is reported within a 30-day period, the dean will determine how the accumulation of points will be treated.

*NOTE: This information will not be shared except when the student applies to post-graduate institutions and those institutions require disclosure of the information.

Two-Point Violations (both of the following sanctions will be imposed if the student has any prior violations; if there are no prior violations, then the dean may reduce the sanctions imposed):

A failing grade in the course
Placed on probation from the University for one semester with a notation of “academic integrity disciplinary probation/suspension” recorded in the student’s academic file.
Required participation in Academic Integrity tutorials offered through the Center for Academic Success within 30 days of being notified; failure to complete these tutorials will result in the Two-Point Violation becoming a Four-Point violation.

Record keeping:

The Faculty Member creates a Record of Violation in Jasper Connect. That Record is transmitted to the Student, the Student’s Dean, the Faculty Member’s Dean (if different), and the Registrar’s Office.
The Student’s Dean shall review the record, consult with the Faculty Member, consult with the Faculty Member’s Dean (if different), meet with the Student, and then makes the final determination as to the level of the violation and sanctions to be imposed. If the sanction is different from that proposed by the Faculty Member, the Dean communicates the reasons for the difference to the Faculty Member. The determination is communicated to the Student, the Faculty Member, and the Faculty Member’s Dean (if different) via email and to the Student via mail.
Record of the Violation is placed in the student’s file kept by the Registrar’s Office* and the student file held by the student’s school. In addition, violations with points are reported to the Dean of Students.

When there is at least a 30-day period between reporting of violations, the points associated with violations accumulate: if the total points of violations a student is determined to have committed is four or more, then a four-point sanction is imposed. When more than one violation is reported within a 30-day period, the dean will determine how the accumulation of points will be treated.

*NOTE: This information will not be shared except when the student applies to post-graduate institutions and those institutions require disclosure of the information.

Four-Point Violations (or combination of points equal to or greater than four points):

The sanction for any single violation or combination of violations adding up to or exceeding four points shall be dismissal from the University and a permanent academic integrity disciplinary dismissal notation on the student’s academic file. The Student’s Dean shall consider the case and impose the sanction. A record of the Violation is placed in the student’s file kept by the Registrar’s Office and in the student file held by the student’s school.

III. Appealing Violations of Academic Integrity

A. Appealing Warnings, One-, Two-, and Four-Point Violations

The accused student has the right of written appeal to the Provost within five working days of the notification of the sanction. The Provost shall review all materials previously submitted to the dean or deans and may meet with the student and/or faculty member. Further documentary evidence may be forwarded to the Provost by any party involved if there is new evidence or evidence that what was presented was misleading or misinterpreted. The Provost’s decision on the appeal is final and will be communicated to the Student, the Faculty Member, and the Dean(s).

B. Ability to Add, Drop, or Withdraw During Academic Integrity Violation Process

Students alleged to have committed a violation of the policy on Academic Integrity may not drop or withdraw from the course until a determination has been issued by the appropriate faculty member and/or dean. If found in violation and the sanction determination is that the student will receive a “F” or zero on the assignment, the student will be permitted to drop or withdraw from the course subject to the University’s add/drop or withdrawal policies and deadlines.

If found in violation of a Two-Point Violation, a Four-Point Violation, or accumulation of two or more points and the sanction determination is that the student fails the course, is suspended, is placed on probation, or will be dismissed from the University, the student will not be permitted to drop or withdraw from the course. An “I” designation shall be entered in the case of an ongoing investigation during the grading period.

If a student is found in violation of the policy on Academic Integrity and the sanction imposed is an “F” for the course, the student’s transcript shall reflect a letter grade of “F.” An “I” designation shall be entered in the case of an ongoing investigation during the grading period.

Grade replacement may not be used to replace a course grade assigned as a result of a Two-point violation of the academic integrity policy.

Recommended Syllabus Language:

As a Manhattan University student, you are a part of a community of scholars and learners guided by the basic values of civility, safety and the discourse of ideas. Students are to be committed to the principles of honesty, trustworthiness, fairness, and respect for the human dignity of all persons. Students must abide by the Manhattan University Honor Code and uphold the highest standards of academic integrity. Cheating, plagiarism, fabrication, academic misconduct, attempting or assisting with an academic integrity violation will not be tolerated. As the course instructor, if I become aware of a potential academic integrity violation, I will follow the rules and procedures outlined in the policy on Academic Integrity. It is your responsibility to be familiar with the University’s policy on Academic Integrity.

C. Registration

Registration for the fall semester takes place in April. Registration for the spring semester takes place in November. The exact dates and times for Web registration are posted on the Manhattan University website and communicated in an e-mail by the Registrar. Students have access to all the information and materials on http://self-service.manhattan.edu and in the directory of course offerings printed by the Registrar’s Office. Students must have their registration forms approved in accordance with the instructions given by each school. Students who have outstanding holds will be ineligible to register on-line.

Drop/add must be made within the first five class days of the new semester and must be made in accordance with the regulations concerning such changes.

D. Course Syllabus and Grading Methods

Instructors are required to provide a syllabus for the course. The syllabus includes all course requirements and a statement of how the final grade will be determined.

E. Attending Classes

Students are required to fulfill all course requirements as detailed in the syllabi for their registered courses. Implicit in these requirements is completion of all course assignments and attendance in all classes.

A student who is absent from class cannot expect the course instructor to provide notes or allow make-up tests, quizzes, or laboratories. The student may incur an appropriate grading penalty for such absences if the penalty was described in the syllabus. Reasonable accommodations for absences are recommended, but are solely at the discretion of the instructor.

If the instructor believes that a student's failure to attend class is substantially affecting a student's course grade, then the instructor is strongly encouraged to report the situation to the dean of the school in which the student is matriculated. The dean will address the situation with the student.

Chronic absence from classes may result in loss of University housing, as full-time registration and active pursuit of a degree are requirements of on-campus housing.

F. Withdrawal from a Course

After the Add/Drop period at the beginning of each semester, students are permitted to withdraw from a course without academic penalty through the twelfth week of the semester.

The Course Withdrawal Form is available in the office of their dean. The student is required to have the form signed by the instructor of the course.

Withdrawing from a course after the Add/Drop period and before the deadline places a "W" for all withdrawals on the transcript for that course. After the withdrawal deadline at the end of the twelfth week, students will receive grades in all remaining courses unless there are extraordinary circumstances (such as severe illness) that merit an exception.

Students should be aware that a pattern of regularly accumulating "W" grades on their transcripts is not good academic practice.

For additional information on withdrawals, students should refer to the Undergraduate Catalog or contact the dean of the school in which they are matriculating.

G. School Closing

Ordinarily, classes will be conducted during inclement weather. When extreme weather or emergency conditions exist, faculty, students and staff may call 718-862-7103 to obtain information about the University closing. Students registered for e2Campus will receive an alert text message to notify of school closing. University policy requires professors to reschedule classes when an excessive number of class days have been canceled due to inclement weather. Please refer to the University website and e2Campus announcements for further information.

H. Final Examinations

To protect students as they complete course requirements and prepare for final examinations, there is a policy that states that there shall be no final examinations in the last week of classes. A student should normally take one final exam on any given day. In some circumstances, he/she may have to take two final exams in one day. If a student has more than two final examinations scheduled for the same day, he/she may ask the instructor(s) to arrange an alternate date. Members of the senior class who have been inducted into the Epsilon Sigma Pi, the University’s academic honor society, may be excused from a final examination at the discretion of the course instructor.

I. Contesting a Course Grade

If a student believes that his/her final grade in a course is not consistent with the grading criteria designated by the course instructor, he/she should first discuss the matter with the course instructor. If the student and the instructor cannot resolve the matter in this discussion, the student may discuss the matter with the department chair. Copies of all graded tests, quizzes and other assignments will be needed.

In the event that the student is not satisfied with the outcome of the discussions with the course instructor and the chair, he/she may make a written request to the chair for a formal consideration of the problem. This request must be submitted within three weeks after the beginning of the semester immediately following the regular fall or spring semester. Included in the request will be an outline of the student’s specific complaints. The chair shall make a detailed investigation and notify the student and course instructor of his/her findings. The student may appeal the findings of the chair to the dean of the school in which the course was offered. The dean will respond to the student in writing and preserve documentation of the process. When the department chair is the course instructor, the student may appeal o the dean of the school in which the course was taught, who will investigate the matter and notify the student and the department chair of his/her findings. Students should be aware that only the course instructor may change a grade.

J. Confidentiality of Student Records

In accordance with FERPA, Manhattan University recognizes the need for a carefully considered policy concerning information that should be part of a student’s permanent record and the conditions of its disclosure. As specifically indicated in the policy statement that follows, the privacy and confidentiality of all student records shall be preserved. Because certain material is necessary for people within the University to function effectively and because such material is therefore guardedly released from absolute confidentiality, members of the administration, the faculty, staff of the University and the students are bound to respect confidential records on students to which they have access in the course of their official capacity. This policy statement is intended to include all departments of the University, though it must be noted that documents from the University’s Public Safety department are not protected by FERPA.

A survey of the types of records kept throughout the University indicates that the following classification can be made:

Official academic records are maintained in the Registrar’s office, which includes documents directly relating to academic progress and the status at the University.
Disciplinary records are maintained in the Office of the Dean of Students and include information about disposition of charges of infractions against University codes of conduct and discipline.
Financial records are kept in the Student Financial Services Office for a period of 7 years after date of separation or graduation.
Medical and health records are maintained in Health Services.
Psychological and counseling records are maintained in the Counseling Center.

Students have a right to know the information contained in their official academic, disciplinary or financial records, and access to such records is limited only by reasonable regulations as to time, place and supervision. When an original document is presented, examination is permitted only under conditions that will prevent its alteration or mutilation.

If a student challenges the accuracy of the official academic record or if the student believes the content is misleading or otherwise in violation of his/her privacy or other or other rights, he/she shall request in writing to the Registrar an explanation as to the content of any such inaccurate, misleading or otherwise inappropriate data contained therein. The student shall be afforded a full hearing and fair opportunity to present evidence relevant to the issues and may be assisted or represented by individuals of his/her choices who are members of the University community. If necessary and wherever possible, the Registrar will correct the record. If there still remains a difference, the student’s written objection(s) will be included in the record and made an official part of the student’s academic record.

In the case of admissions records, letters of recommendation dated after January 1, 1975, may be seen by the student provided that the student has not waived his/her rights to view such documents after admission to the University.

No entry may be made on a student’s official record, academic or disciplinary, and no document or entry may be placed in those records without notice to the student, with the exception of published grades and honor announcements. A document or entry supplied by or at the request of a student may be placed in the student’s record without additional notice to the student.

Information from official academic records may not be released to anyone except with the prior written consent of the student, except as stated below, and subject to the right of the student to bar disclosure to a particular inquirer or class of inquirers.

1. Administrative officers and faculty members may have access to official academic records for internal educational purposes and for research in which anonymity is guaranteed.

2. The following data is considered directory information and may be given to any inquirer either in person, by mail or telephone, but the University reserves the right to use discretion when releasing this information. Students also retain the right to refuse publication of this information:

a. Student’s name

b. Participation in officially recognized activities and sports

c. Address

d. Telephone listing

e. Weight and height of members of athletic teams

f. Electronic mail address

g. Photograph

h. Degrees, honors and awards received

i. Date and place of birth

j. Major field of study

k. Dates of attendance

Persons from outside the University shall not be permitted to access a student’s records or obtain greater information than provided herein unless a subpoena or other legal process is served on the University. Following such service, the University must immediately notify the student affected. In addition, the University will comply with such process only upon advice of counsel. To fully protect the confidentiality of student records, counsel for the University will be asked to advise a prudent course.

No record shall be kept of the political views of students or of student membership in any organization other than academic, honorary, professional or social organizations. In case of political organizations, only the names of officers will be recorded.

K. Library Rules and Regulations

The Mary Alice & Tom O’Malley Library is committed to providing resources and services in support of the academic work of our students and faculty. To ensure an environment conducive to study and research, users are expected to adhere to the following regulations:

The library is a smoke and vape free environment.
Animals are not permitted except service animals.
Skateboards or rollerblades may not be used inside the building.
Bicycles are not permitted inside the library.
Users must abide by all regulations governing library resources and facilities.
Library books and journals may not be defaced in any way with markings or underlining, or mutilated by removal of pages or barcodes or electronic theft devices.
Library material must be returned on time in original condition. If material is altered, damaged or lost, the user will be responsible for replacement cost.
Computer and printer settings and software must not be altered.
Phones should not be used in open study or reading areas.
Students are not permitted in unauthorized areas.
Students must show a valid I.D. when requested by library personnel and must leave when directed to do so by library personnel.

Violations can result in loss of library privileges, including access to the building. Serious violations will be referred to the Dean of Students for campus adjudication. Consult Manhattan University Responsible Use of Computing and Information Services Policy and Procedures.

Notes

¹Manhattan University gratefully acknowledges the assistance of Kean University, Ramapo University, and Rutgers University in the development of this policy. Manhattan University thanks these institutions for their willingness to allow us to selectively adapt some of their polices related to academic integrity for our use. See Kean University, Academic Integrity Policy, http://www.kean.edu/sites/default/files/u8/AcademicIntegrityPolicy.pdf

(accessed 13 March 2008); Ramapo University, Catalog 2003-2004 Grading Systems/Policies, https://www.ramapo.edu/catalog_03_04/academicPrograms/gradingSystems/acadAcademicIntegrity.html (accessed 3 April 2008); Rutgers University Academic Integrity Policy, http://academicintegrity.rutgers.edu/academic-integrity-policy/ (accessed 15 March 2018).

⁴ For this definition and several of the examples, we are indebted to the Ramapo University and the Kean University policies.

⁵ For several of these examples, we are indebted to the Ramapo University and the Kean University policies.

IX. Policy Statements

A. Medical Leave of Absence Policy and Procedures

A leave of absence for medical or psychological reasons requires prior approval of the Director of Counseling & Health Services. When the leave of absence is granted for medical or psychological reasons, the student can return to Manhattan University only after the Director of Counseling & Health Services has indicated that the medical or psychological condition has been addressed and the student is capable of resuming his or her studies at Manhattan. To this end, the student will be required to submit a written progress assessment from a treating health professional attesting to the student’s readiness to resume studies at Manhattan University. This documentation must address the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plan for the semester of return. The Director of Counseling & Health Services may also require a release from the student to discuss current treatment and follow-up needs with the treating health professional, in order to assess whether the student is qualified and ready to return to the University.

Involuntary Medical Leave

If the University determines that a student should be placed on a leave due to medical or psychological reasons related to the health and safety of the student, Manhattan University reserves the right to place a student on an involuntary withdrawal from the student’s academic program of study. This may occur when the student is not able or willing to take a voluntary leave and the University has made a reasonable determination that the student poses a direct threat to the health and/or safety of self and others.

Where Manhattan University believes that an involuntary withdrawal is to be considered, the Dean of Students will identify a team of professionals to make a reasoned determination. Included on that decision-making team will be a medical or mental health professional. The student will be informed of the University’s concerns and the pending decision to consider an involuntary withdrawal.

The University reserves the right to notify parents or legal guardians if deemed appropriate under the circumstances and applicable law, including making arrangements for family members to pick the student up from the University’s facilities, house the student or obtain health care assistance.

For additional information on medical leaves and other withdrawals from the University, please refer to the detailed policy and procedure on www.manhattan.edu.

B. Sexual Harassment, Discrimination, and All Other Forms of Harassment

Preamble – Manhattan University has a tradition of value-centered education and among the cherished values that the University is committed to impart is a deep respect for the dignity and integrity of each person. An important responsibility assumed by the University community is to stand firm against actions that threaten that fundamental regard for each person’s individual dignity and integrity.

The members of the University community understand that any form of discrimination violates the principles of human relationships and the University has a longstanding opposition to any discriminatory treatment based on an individual’s race, creed, color, religion, age, ethnic or national origin, sex, marital status, personal orientation, citizenship status or disability.

It has long been recognized by the University that sexual harassment is an invidious form of discrimination, one that demeans the dignity and integrity of the individual and that undermines the University’s mission to foster an open learning and working environment. The University voiced its condemnation of such harassment and discriminatory treatment in a policy statement, presented below, adopted in fall 1987 by the Senate, President and Board of Trustees, and consistently affirmed by the University in the conduct of its affairs. In furtherance of this commitment, the University has implemented a revised set of procedures intended to provide members of the University community with a way to assert their right to be free of prohibited harassment and discrimination, with a system to report incidents of harassment and with a mechanism for effective preventative and corrective action.

This policy and its accompanying procedures, originally implemented to address problems of sexual harassment, are equally appropriate to the broad range of potential incidents of harassment and discrimination arising from an individual’s race, creed, color, religion, age, ethnic or national origin, sex, marital status, personal orientation, citizenship status or disability. An individual in the University community may seek to apply these procedures to any discriminatory treatment.

1. Original Policy Statement on Sexual Harassment (1987)

“It is the policy of Manhattan University that no member of the University community may sexually harass another.” For general purposes, sexual harassment may be described as unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors and other physical and expressive behavior of a sexual nature where:

1. 1. Submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual’s employment or education
  2. Submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual’s employment or education
  3. Submission to or rejection of such conduct by an individual is used as a basis for academic or employment decisions affecting the individual
  4. Such conduct has the purpose or effect of substantially interfering with an individual’s academic or professional performance or creating an intimidating, hostile or demeaning employment or educational environment

No University personnel and no office of the University shall condone sexual harassment either actively or by ignoring a complaint by a member of the University community or an obvious attempt to harass sexually another by a member of the University community.

No member of the University community may retaliate in any way against a person for making a claim of sexual harassment, or for assisting or acting as witness for a person who makes a claim of sexual harassment.

2. Defining Sexual Harassment and Discriminatory Treatment

Members of the University community must understand that sexual harassment can be a particularly difficult form of discrimination to identify and define but is illegal and will not be tolerated. In general, sexual harassment may be described as:

Unwelcome sexual advances, requests to engage in sexual conduct for sexual favors or for unwanted contact and other physical or expressive (verbal or nonverbal) behavior of a sexual nature when:

1. 1. Submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual’s employment
  2. Submission to or rejection of such conduct by an individual is used as the basis for employment decisions affecting the individual
  3. Such conduct that is sufficiently severe, persistent or pervasive has the purpose or effect of substantially or unreasonably interfering with an individual’s professional work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile, offensive, abusive or demeaning employment environment.

Although the above guidelines were drafted by the federal government initially with regard solely to the employment situation, the principles are generally applicable to the educational setting where comparable harassing conduct, both in academic and nonacademic contexts, can constitute sexual harassment. Applying these employment-related principles to the academic setting will require thoughtful judgments about the differences and distinctions between these elements of harassment and the educational context. Many of these principles and prohibitions can occur in the context of other forms of general (non-sex-based) discrimination as well, and will not be permitted by the University.

The Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights, has issued guidance on sexual harassment involving the educational setting, describing such prohibited conduct as follows:

1. 1. Quid pro quo harassment can encompass conduct by a school employee (or equivalent), which explicitly or implicitly conditions a student’s participation in an educational program or activity or bases an educational decision on the student’s submission to unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other verbal, nonverbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature; and
  2. hostile environment sexual harassment can encompass sexually harassing conduct, (which can include unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors and other verbal, nonverbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature) by an employee, another student or third party that is sufficiently severe, persistent or pervasive to limit a student’s ability to participate in or benefit from an education program or activity, or create a hostile or abusive educational environment.

The Department of Education recognizes that if the alleged harassment involves issues of speech or expression, a university’s obligations may be affected by the application of First Amendment principles, particularly as these rights apply in the classroom and other education programs and activities.

Sexual harassment can be verbal, nonverbal, visual or physical. It can be overt, as in the suggestion that an individual can secure an advantage or forestall negative treatment by submission to sexual advances or granting sexual favors. Such overt treatment can be implied from conduct or circumstances and need not be direct or explicit. Sexual harassment also can consist of persistent, unwanted attempts to shift an educational or professional relationship to a personal one. Examples of conduct that, if sufficiently severe, persistent or pervasive and nontrivial, can constitute sexual harassment, include unwelcome sexual flirtation and inappropriate or derogatory language, and treatment or jokes involving individuals or classes of people. It can be the public display of suggestive or offensive pictures or literature, unwelcome physical contact or serious physical abuse, such as sexual assault and rape. In the case of other forms of discrimination, insensitive or derogatory language or treatment, if sufficiently severe, persistent or pervasive, can be equally offensive and is prohibited by the University. These types of behavior may be considered coercive, demeaning, can be considered threatening and are not conducive to teaching, learning or working. This kind of severe, persistent or pervasive offensive behavior is unacceptable in the University and in University-related settings outside the campus, such as during trips, meetings with parents or members of the community, or professional and University- related social or educational events.

The University recognizes that in determining whether harassment has occurred, the perspective of the person subject to the discrimination or harassment, as well as the offender’s conduct and/or intention, may be considered. It is also essential to understand that consenting romantic and sexual relationships between employees or faculty and students, particularly between senior or supervisory individuals and less senior or lower-level employees, between co-workers, or between staff or faculty and students, may lead to unforeseen complications. The respect and trust accorded a more senior supervisory person by a staff member, or a faculty member by students, as well as the power held by that person in evaluating or otherwise supervising the staff person or evaluating performance or achievement, could diminish the extent to which the individual really feels free to choose or decline involvement. Therefore, each member of the University must be aware of the possible risk of even an apparently consensual sexual relationship.

A supervisor, employee or faculty member who enters into a sexual relationship with another member of the University community, where there exists a difference in seniority or power between the individuals involved, must be aware that, if a complaint of sexual harassment is subsequently made, it could be exceedingly difficult for the individual charged with sexual harassment to prove lack of wrongdoing on grounds of mutual consent.

Allegations of unprofessional conduct and breach of professional ethics also may be raised regarding such relationships by the individuals involved or by the University. With this in mind, the University may decide, to the extent possible, to reassign or rearrange reporting functions or other roles of parties engaged in a consenting relationship to avoid potential problems. The University also will consider claims of sexual harassment from a relationship that once was considered consensual.

In any educational setting, First Amendment issues that relate to speech and expression invariably arise. The civil rights laws and policies designed to protect students, employees and members of the University community from prohibited harassment and discrimination are not intended to regulate impermissibly the content of speech. All parties should recognize that the offensiveness of particular expression as perceived by some students or staff, standing alone, may not be a legally sufficient basis to establish a sexually hostile environment under Title IX or harassment and discrimination under other civil rights laws. Not only must the conduct questioned be sufficiently severe, persistent or pervasive as to limit a student’s ability to participate in or benefit from the education program or environment, but also these policies must be formulated, interpreted and applied so as to protect academic free speech rights. This offensive course material or discourse may be protected speech.

Finally, this policy and its procedures will only be effective to the extent that individuals who believe they are subjected to harassing or discriminatory treatment adequately notify appropriate University officials and, particularly, the Affirmative Action Officer, of the unwelcome conduct. Such notice should be given promptly, completely and clearly so that the University can act appropriately.

3. Procedures

1. Guidelines on Harassment and Discrimination – The underlying goal of this policy and the procedures is prevention. The University believes that education and mutual resolution of matters, rather than discipline or sanctions, is the preferred approach. While the University is committed to increasing everyone’s level of understanding and sensitivity to appropriate conduct, where conduct does not comply with the standards set by the University, prompt corrective action will be taken. But the University can only do its job if it knows of alleged harassment and discrimination. An appropriate University official must be advised of unwelcome conduct so that the University can act to protect the members of the community. The University’s guidelines for applying the policy and procedures are detailed below.

1.1 Early Intervention – It is in the best interest of the University and the individual with concerns about harassment or discrimination to consult with a trusted member of the University community at the first instance of what may be perceived to be sexual harassment or discriminatory treatment. Dealing with a situation at its earliest inception may put a stop to the matter before it develops into a more serious problem. For an individual who may have been subjected to harassment or discrimination, guidance

about the individual’s rights to object to unwanted and unwelcome conduct, and to communicate that such treatment will not be tolerated, may enable the individual to resolve the matter promptly. Early intervention may be particularly effective when the harassing or discriminatory conduct is unintentional or the result of a lack of sensitivity about conduct. Every member of the University community is encouraged to seek guidance about these issues as early as practical, even before deciding whether or not a grievance may be filed.

1.2 Whom to Contact – If you have questions about this policy and procedures, your rights, about particular treatment or conduct, or need general guidance on sexual harassment or discrimination, you may consult with the Affirmative Action Officer, a dean or chairperson, counselor, advisor or trusted member of the community.

The Affirmative Action Officer* is the University official who has been designated as the person with overall responsibility for ensuring that the University effectively handles matters involving sexual harassment and discriminatory treatment, including matters covered by Title IX (sex discrimination), the Americans with Disabilities Act and Title VII (race, color, national origin, age, religion and sex).

She or he works closely with other members of the University community to implement and administer the policy and procedures. The Affirmative Action Officer works closely and in conjunction with the Vice President or Human Resources, and can be reached in Memorial Hall, room 305, at 718-862-7398.

Within the University community, all members of the faculty, staff and administration are charged with the responsibility for assisting any individual who has concerns about sexual harassment or discriminatory treatment. Any member of the faculty, staff and administration or any student who observes an incident of

sexual harassment or discrimination, or who is approached for assistance, must comply with this policy and the accompanying procedures, and is to advise and consult promptly with the University’s Affirmative Action Officer.

1.3 Who Is Covered – This policy and procedures cover all applicants and members of the University community, including students, faculty, staff and administrators. It also applies to a guest of a member of the University community, those invited to campus and employees of a company that serves the University or contracts with the University to provide services.

When an incident of harassment or discrimination involves a nonmember of the University community, such as a guest or outside employee, it is within the discretion of the Affirmative Action Officer to modify the procedure and/or refer the matter to an appropriate person or entity, when direct action by the University is impractical or unavailable.

When the alleged harassment or discrimination involves only students, the existing procedure for adjudicating matters between students shall apply, and the students shall be referred to the Dean of Students.

1.4 Rights and Responsibilities – The rights and protections extended by this policy and its procedures come with an important responsibility for the members of the community. It is a responsibility to come forward and advise an appropriate official of the University of treatment or conduct that may be harassing or discriminatory. For this policy and its procedures to be effective, and for the University to act in the best interests of all the members of its community, the University must have the necessary information about inappropriate or improper conduct or treatment.

1. - Confidentiality: Throughout the entire process-counseling, filing of a grievance, investigation, determination and appeal-the matter will be handled with sensitivity, and confidentiality will be respected, to the extent practical and appropriate under the circumstances and consistent with effective administration of the process, however, confidentiality cannot be guaranteed. Any member of the University community who becomes involved in the process will be expected to conduct him or herself appropriately and respect the confidentiality of all parties.
  - Retaliation: The University affirms that no retaliation may be taken against any individual who seeks guidance about or makes a claim of sexual harassment or discrimination, or participates in the process by assisting an individual who is making a claim, cooperating with an investigation or acting as a witness. Any retaliation or threatened retaliation is a serious violation of this policy and will be treated with the same strict discipline as harassment or discrimination itself. Retaliation should be reported immediately to the Affirmative Action Officer and/or the Vice President for Human Resources together with the details of the retaliation. An investigation of the retaliation will be commenced promptly.
  - Advisors: Any individual involved in the process is entitled to have another member of the University community serve as a confidant and advisor. If an advisor or confidant will be involved, the Affirmative Action Officer shall be told beforehand. The advisor or confidant may assist the individual but will only participate directly in meetings or proceedings if invited to do so by the person handling the meeting or proceeding. Any request for having an advisor from outside the University is to be made in writing in advance to the Affirmative Action Officer and will be considered based on the circumstances of the case. In general, lawyers are not permitted to participate in this internal process.
  - False Charges: If someone makes a false complaint of harassment or discrimination, (which is different from a good faith complaint that turns out not to constitute discriminatory treatment), the person making the false complaint may be subject to discipline up to and including dismissal or removal.
  - Action by the University: The University may, in its discretion and in the best interests of the University community, pursue a grievance even where the individual who first reported the harassment decides not to go forward with a grievance. Once the University learns of harassment or discrimination, it may be obligated to pursue the grievance even without the participation of the original person who was the subject of harassment or discrimination. The University also may pursue a grievance in the absence of the cooperation or participation of the person who is the subject of a complaint, provided adequate notice has been given to that person.
  - Multiple Complaints: The University reserves the right to pursue action under this policy or procedure, or a related University policy or procedure, even if parallel or related charges are pending before a civil, criminal or administrative tribunal. Nothing in this policy is intended to diminish the rights an individual may have under another University procedure, including those provided for in a collective bargaining agreement or the Faculty Community Standards and Student Code of Conduct.

2. The Grievance Procedure

2.1 Filing a Grievance – Any member of the University community who believes that he/she has been subjected to sexual harassment or discriminatory treatment may invoke his/her rights under this policy and procedure. Ordinarily, an individual who seeks to use this procedure should consult promptly with the Affirmative Action Officer or a trusted member of the University community, such as an advisor, professor, dean, director or supervisor, who will involve the Affirmative Action Officer, the University official charged with the responsibility for handling matters of discrimination and harassment and acts in conjunction with the Vice President for Human Resources. In the absence of the Affirmative Action Officer, all matters will go directly to the Vice President for Human Resources. All communications and documents involving a charge of harassment or discrimination generally will flow through the Affirmative Action Officer.

After discussing the situation with the Affirmative Action Officer, an individual may decide to initiate a formal grievance but has the option of trying to pursue an individual informal solution to the problem.

If an individual decides to file a formal grievance, the person should provide a written summary of the facts of the grievance, including the name of the person (or people) who committed the harassment or discrimination, the details of the treatment or actions (dates, places, nature of the offense and other individuals present) that the individual feels constitute the harassment or discrimination, and any important background information, which helps to explain the situation. Copies of any materials, such as letters, notes, e-mails, voicemails, text messages, photographs or items that demonstrate the harassment or discrimination should be provided. If other individuals have direct knowledge of the situation, they should be identified. The person who makes the grievance also should state the solution that he/she believes would be fair for resolving the problem.

An individual who considers filing a grievance should do so timely, generally within approximately sixty days of the most recent incident of harassment or attempt to stop harassing treatment, although the University reserves the right to consider any grievance filed, even if considerable time has passed since the harassment or discrimination. The University may prepare a written summary of an incident of harassment or discrimination if it does not receive a written grievance statement from the person who reports the discrimination or harassment.

2.2 Notice to Party Charged – Within a reasonable period of time after receipt of a grievance summary, generally ten academic days,1 the University will advise the individuals identified in the grievance that it has been filed and, in most circumstances, provide a copy or summary of the grievance. The individuals named in the grievance will be interviewed and asked to submit to the University a written response to the grievance. The substance of the response or interview, if no written response is received, may be shared with the individual who has filed the harassment or discrimination grievance.

The Affirmative Action Officer may, in his/her discretion, proceed with notice to a charged party, even in the absence of a written grievance statement or summary, if there is sufficient detailed information and evidence to warrant proceeding. If the individual charged does not cooperate in providing a response, the Affirmative Action Officer may reasonably conclude, for purposes of initiating an investigation, the allegations raised may be considered true. The Affirmative Action Officer may consider a grievance presented by the University in the absence of cooperation by the individual who raised the claim of harassment or discrimination, or the person charged. The Affirmative Action Officer may extend time limits for good cause and, where appropriate, may take steps to shield the identity of parties.

2.3 Investigation – The Affirmative Action Officer, or his/her designee, shall undertake an investigation of a complaint of sexual harassment or discrimination. In this inquiry, the Affirmative Action Officer has wide latitude in the manner and scope of the investigation and may request information, documents, written statements, and interview potential witnesses. The Affirmative Action Officer may conduct separate meetings with the parties and suggest a joint meeting as part of the investigation. Each party may bring an advisor to meetings, but the advisor’s role is limited to assisting the individual, and the advisor may only participate actively in the meetings if specifically invited to do so by the Affirmative Action Officer. Both the individual filing the grievance and the individual charged with the harassment or discrimination may submit relevant information and recommend names of individuals with knowledge of the situation who may be able to provide relevant information. The investigation shall be conducted impartially and with courtesy extended to all parties. Each side will be given an opportunity to present his/her position, offer witnesses who can provide information relevant to the grievance, raise questions about each person giving information and present any additional information, materials or documents that relate to the grievance. The Affirmative Action Officer or designee also may call witnesses, request information and question those providing testimony. It is within the discretion of the Affirmative Action Officer when all parties are meeting to determine whether any cross-examination questions will be asked by him/her or a party proposing the questions.

The Affirmative Action Officer will have the authority to rule on all procedural issues, including witnesses, testimony, production of documents or information, cross- examination and submission of evidence. The Affirmative Action Officer may permit hearsay testimony and consider deposition or affidavit testimony if a witness is completely unavailable, and the testimony is of considerable significance.

Unless the Affirmative Action Officer rules otherwise, meetings are closed to those not directly involved in the process. Witnesses will only be permitted at a meeting when testifying. The parties may be accompanied by an advisor (as defined in these procedures). An advisor may not participate unless specifically invited to do so by the Affirmative Action Officer.

The standard of proof that governs a finding of violation of University policy generally will be a preponderance of the evidence, considered to be sufficient, credible proof to support the allegation of the complaining party. The determination is based on evidence presented to the Affirmative Action Officer. The standard of “beyond a reasonable doubt” is not applicable in these proceedings. A tape or transcript of any interviews or meetings will only be made when the University determines it is required by the severity of the circumstances.

At the conclusion of the investigation, the Affirmative Action Officer will make a determination about whether the conduct violated the policy prohibiting harassment or discrimination, and/or whether there was a violation of other University rules or regulations. The Affirmative Action Officer will make his/her findings and determination based on the evidence as a whole. A brief written report, summarizing the findings of fact, resolving issues of credibility (if any) and determining the question of culpability, will be prepared by the Affirmative Action Officer. Where there is a determination that there has been a violation of the University’s policies, appropriate sanctions shall be recommended.

If the results of the investigation indicate a violation, the Affirmative Action Officer has full authority to recommend a resolution of the matter to the parties and the University. A mutually acceptable settlement of the matter may be negotiated by the Affirmative Action Officer and consented to by the parties (when practicable) and a copy maintained by the University to ensure compliance. If the parties do not concur with a resolution, the Affirmative Action Officer shall issue a brief written determination on the grievance and impose an appropriate resolution or sanctions. A resolution at this stage may include, but not be limited to, acknowledgement of inappropriate conduct and an agreement to end such conduct, agreement to

participate in further education, guidance or counseling to heighten understanding of harassment and discrimination, an admonition, a written warning, a written reprimand, probation, suspension, monetary penalty, community service, termination or expulsion.

The investigation process also may conclude with a finding that there was a lack of credible proof to support a claim of harassment or discrimination. If the Affirmative Action Officer determines that there is not sufficient evidence of harassment or discrimination to warrant a finding of a violation, then a written summary will set forth those findings. If no other rule or policy at the University has been violated, the Affirmative Action Officer can recommend the case be closed.

If the matter is resolved at this stage and not appealed, the University will treat the complaint as settled. A file relating to the incident will be maintained by the Affirmative Action Officer.

If the matter is not resolved to the satisfaction of the parties, either party may appeal. The Affirmative Action Officer shall prepare a summary of the investigation and determination for the appeal process, if necessary.

2.4 Sanctions – The sanctions appropriate for enforcing the University’s policy against discrimination and harassment should reflect the severity of the actions, the prior record of the individual who violated the policy and his/her status. In selecting the appropriate sanction(s), the University may take into account the prior record of violations and discipline of the party charged. When appropriate, progressive discipline may be considered. Sanctions imposed should, to the extent feasible, be consistent for similar offenses and circumstances.

Available sanctions include, but are not limited to, acknowledgement of inappropriate conduct and an agreement to end such conduct, agreement to participate in further education, guidance or counseling to heighten understanding of harassment and discrimination, an admonition, written warning, a written reprimand, withholding a promotion or pay increase, probation, suspension without pay, monetary penalty, community service, termination or expulsion. Multiple sanctions may be imposed. A record of the complaint and grievance process will be maintained separately from an individual’s other permanent record or files at the University. The findings, determination and proposed sanction, as well as any written form of sanction, may be placed in the individual’s permanent record or maintained in the record under seal, as determined by the University. An appropriate transcript entry may be made by the University on a student’s transcript when discipline, such as suspension or expulsion, is involved. The imposition of sanctions or application of this policy and procedures do not preclude the University from filing charges or cooperating with civil or criminal authorities.

3. Appeal

The individual who filed the grievance and/or the person charged with a violation may appeal based on the process followed, the determination and/or the sanction imposed. An appeal must be in writing, specify exactly what is being appealed and why. When finished, it should be sent to the office of the Vice President for Human Resources within 10 days (excluding weekends and holidays) of the determination by the Affirmative Action Officer. The Vice President for Human Resources will decide who should consider the appeal. An appeal that involves a member of the faculty, administration or staff generally will be handled by the Provost and the Vice President for Finance. The Vice President for Student Life and the Provost generally will handle an appeal filed by a student. The Vice President for Human resources will handle appeals filed by staff generally. The Vice President for Human Resources may designate another appropriate official of the University to handle an appeal. The Affirmative Action Officer will provide the appeal official with all the materials from the investigation and all written determinations.

The appeal will be a review of the record as a whole at the earlier stages of the investigation. The official(s) considering the appeal will have access to all documents, statements or material considered at the initial stage. New evidence will only be considered during the appeal, if it was discovered or obtained after the investigation was finished and is directly relevant. The official(s) handling the appeal may consider additional written submissions of the parties on why the process, determination and/or sanction were contradictory to University policy or the facts.

The decision on appeal can, in whole or in part, affirm, reverse or modify the initial action. In addition, the official(s) handling the appeal may return the grievance for further investigation and/or reconsideration. The decision on appeal is final, except when the recommended sanction is termination or expulsion; the University has the discretion to refer the matter to an existing University procedure normally governing termination or expulsion before termination or expulsion is invoked.

4. Conclusion

Complaints of harassment or discrimination require sensitivity to the interests of the members of the University and the individuals involved in the process. Just as it is important to recognize that those subjected to discrimination and harassment must have someone and somewhere to turn for assistance, so it is important to realize that unsubstantiated or malicious charges may seriously affect the reputations, careers or personal lives of the individuals charged with such conduct. The University will take action against anyone who uses the process abusively or as a way to gain advancement, to excuse poor job or classroom performance or to settle personal differences.

It is also important to know that incidents of sexual harassment should be brought to the attention of the Affirmative Action Officer, even if the person is only an observer of the incident or learned indirectly of the conduct. This is essential to ensure that harassment is dealt with promptly and constructively. Reporting information about possible harassment and discrimination is not incompatible with pledges of confidentiality. The Affirmative Action Officer, the central source of information about harassment and discrimination, can make informed judgments about identifying matters and practices of discriminatory conduct, and about pursing an investigation.

The underlying goal of this policy is education and resolution rather than discipline or sanction. The University is committed to increasing everyone’s level of understanding about and sensitivity to appropriate conduct. When conduct does not comply, the University will take prompt corrective action.

Nothing in this policy is intended to foreclose an individual from pursuing his/her rights under any existing University procedure, collective bargaining agreement or from pursing any federal, state or local remedies. The University reserves the right to modify these procedures, with or without advance notice, as appropriate, to respond effectively to a given situation and in response to changes in applicable law, regulations and guidance.

C. Computing Policy and Procedures

1. Introduction

Universitys and universities play an important role in the rapidly expanding field of computing technology. They provide an institutional base for enhancing competencies in computer usage, stimulating research and development of hardware and software, and enriching the capability of all academic programs to achieve excellence in teaching. Because higher education has an overarching goal of preparing students to assume responsibility for civic life and the further development of society, universitys and universities are duty-bound to promote those virtues that build the character of students and thus the common good of society. Responsible use of computing technology must be carefully articulated due to the rapid developments in the field, developments that do not lend themselves easily to traditional categories of responsible use. Such responsibility is necessary to protect the rights of the community with regard to the use of computer technology, and is one facet of broader policies that concern academic integrity in higher education. More is at stake than self-interest in a smooth-running institution. Responsible computer and information services use prepares students for the aforementioned goal of higher education-responsible citizenry-and enables faculty, administrators and staff to serve as role models for such responsible citizenry.

The mission of Manhattan University is to provide a contemporary, person-centered educational experience characterized by high academic standards, reflection on values and principles and preparation for a lifelong career. This policy is supportive of that mission. This responsible use policy deals with three key areas: privacy, copyright and commerce, and harassment. It states who is covered by the policy, provides definitions of terminology and detailed procedures to be followed for reporting violations.

2. Policy Statement

Manhattan University expects all members of its community to use computing and information services in a lawful, ethical and responsible manner. The University may restrict the use of its computers and network systems for electronic communications or other activities, in response to properly considered or otherwise adjudicated complaints that present evidence of violations of University policies or codes, or of federal, state or local laws and regulations. Specifically, the University, through usual channels and established procedures, reserves the right to limit access to its computing and information services networks through University-owned or other computers and to remove or limit access to material posted on University-owned computers.

3. Reason for Policy

The University adopts and promulgates this policy:

1. - to enforce its policies regarding harassment, discrimination and the safety of individuals
  - to safeguard the integrity of computers, networks and data either at Manhattan University or elsewhere
  - to ensure that use of electronic communications complies with all other University policies and procedures for maintaining public order and/or the educational environment
  - to prevent the posting of proprietary software or the posting of electronic copies of literary works or other intellectual property in disregard of copyright restrictions or contractual obligations
  - to protect the University from seriously damaging or legal consequences
  - to comply with all governmental regulations regarding electronic communications

4. Persons and Actions Affected

This policy applies to all members of the Manhattan University community including faculty (full-time and part-time), administrators and staff (full-time and part- time), students (undergraduate and graduate, matriculated or non-matriculated) and to anyone else who has computing/information services privileges to use the resources of Manhattan University. The policies outlined herein shall apply when any member of the class as defined above uses, accesses or otherwise interacts with any of the computing facilities, hardware or software owned or licensed by Manhattan University, or any component of the University’s network infrastructure or University systems, whether such use, access or interaction occurs on University property (including the University’s residence halls) or from a remote off-campus site; or when anyone covered by this policy makes it appear to other individuals or entities that such use, access or interaction is associated in any way with Manhattan University. Any members of the Manhattan University community who do not accept the provisions of these policies may not use, access, or otherwise interact with any of the University computing facilities.

5. Who Should Read this Policy

All members of the Manhattan University community affected by this policy should read and understand it.

6. Related Documents

1. - Manhattan University Documents Other Related Material
  - Faculty Community Standards and Student Code of Conduct
  - Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-508; 18 U.S.C. 2510 et seq.)
  - Family Educational Rights and (and as revised thereafter) Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA)
  - Procedure on Sexual Harassment Telecommunications Act of 1996 (Presidential Memo of 3/1/89) (P.L. 104-104; 110 Stat. 56)
  - Policy and Procedures on Sexual The Communications Decency Act
  - Harassment and Discrimination of 1996 (Title V of the (1987, revised 1997) Telecommunications Act of 1996)

7. Contacts

Direct any general questions about this policy to your department’s administrative office. If you have questions about specific issues or application of specific provisions, call the following offices:

1. - Faculty – Departmental Chairperson/Director, Dean, Provost: 718-862-7303
  - Student Issues – Dean of Students: 718-862-7438
  - Harassment – Affirmative Action Officer: 718-862-7398
  - Electronic Communications or Network Issues – Director, Computer Center: 718-862-7489
  - Copyright – Public Services Librarian: 718-862-7167

8. Definitions

These definitions apply to these terms as they are used in this policy:

University Computers and Network Systems (University Systems): Computers, terminals, networks, servers, switches, routers, hubs, PBXs and other similar devices that are owned or administered by the University and/or for which the University is responsible. Throughout this policy, the shortened term “University systems” is used to mean University computers and network systems.

Departmental Policy Officer: A person with responsibility for issues that have policy implications for students, faculty and/or staff in a department, school, unit or other area of the University.

Education Records: Records specifically related to a student and maintained by an educational institution or a party acting on its behalf. These records are protected by and subject to the provisions of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA).

Electronic Communications: The use of computers and network communications systems in the communicating or posting of information or material by way of electronic mail, bulletin boards or other such electronic tools. These communications are protected by and subject to the provisions of the Electronics Communications and Privacy Act of 1986.

Harassment: Repeated and unwanted actions that have the purpose or effect of creating an offensive, intimidating, demeaning or hostile educational or employment environment.

Network Systems: Includes voice, video and data networks, switches, routers, storage devices and other related systems and devices.

Obscene: The definition of obscenity follows the three-pronged test outlined by the U.S. Supreme Court in Miller vs. California, 413 U.S.15 (1973). To be defined as obscene, the material must (1.) when considered as a whole by an average person, applying contemporary community standards, be judged to appeal to prurient interest, (2.) depict or describe in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct specifically defined by applicable state law, and (3.) lack serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value when the work is taken as a whole.

Sexual Harassment: Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other physical and/or expressive behavior of a sexual nature where submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual’s employment or education; submission to or rejection of such conduct by an individual is used as the basis for academic or employment decisions affecting the individual; or such conduct has the purpose or effect of substantially interfering with an individual’s academic or professional performance or creating an intimidating, hostile or demeaning employment or educational environment (see Policy and Procedures on Sexual Harassment and Discrimination).

System or Network Administrator: An employee responsible for the operation or operating system environments of University systems.

9. Key Policy Areas

The key areas addressed below are recognized as important and necessary

components of any organizational responsible computing use policy, however, they are not exhaustive of all possible issues that are addressable within the framework and spirit of this policy statement. They also may not specifically address new and emerging technologies and possible abuses thereof. Manhattan University reserves the right to utilize procedures detailed herein to address other rights and violations that reasonably fall within the general areas outlined.

Privacy – Users Right to Privacy: Manhattan University shall respect the privacy of electronic communications and subscriber information of all users of University systems in accordance with the rules and procedures of the Electronic Communications and Privacy Act of 1986. However, in the event that an electronic communication contains information regarding threats of bodily harm, Manhattan University reserves the right to divulge the identities of the parties involved in such communication to the proper authorities.

User IDs and Passwords: Manhattan University has an obligation to respect the privacy of all users of University systems. Each user number, login and account name, or any other user ID and password is the property of an individual student, staff, faculty, administrator, department or administrative unit. No one shall use another’s or authorize anyone else to use his/her user number, login name, user ID, or account name and password. No one shall use aliases, nicknames, pointers or other electronic means to attempt to impersonate, redirect or confuse others. No one shall use any means to capture information intended for others without permission of the intended recipient. Toward this end, owners accept the burden for stewardship and responsible use and dissemination of their user numbers, login names, user IDs and account names and passwords.

User Programs/Files: Programs and files belong to the owner of the user account or directory that contains the programs and files. The files and their intellectual content are presumed to be private and confidential unless the owner has explicitly made them available to the public. If the owner allows access to files by way of file sharing, then it is presumed that the owner has waived his/her privacy rights but retains whatever copyright rights, if any, may exist. When necessary for the maintenance of a system or network, Computer Center personnel may gain access to files that belong to others. In such circumstances, Computer Center personnel are charged with holding individual-level data confidential except when that information is needed to resolve an accusation of a violation of the University’s Responsible Use of Computing and Information Services policy. Programs and files that belong to the owner of a personal computer shall be subject to the same rights to privacy afforded to programs and files on any computer connected to the University systems.

Administrative Databases: The privacy and confidentiality of computer files also apply to information from the University’s administrative databases. Improper access and/or dissemination of information from administrative databases are a violation of the University’s Responsible Use of Computing and Information Services policies. To obtain information from or access to administrative databases requires written permission of an appropriate administrator. Access to such information through a duly assigned administrative account by the authorized account user shall constitute permitted use and proper access. Education records are protected by and subject to the provisions of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA).

Network Tracking: Some programs gather information about users. If such information could directly or indirectly identify a person using the program, then to the extent practicable, each user shall be warned and given a chance to leave the program before data collection begins. To avoid issuing excessive warning messages, an exception is made for host or network operating systems (that may keep logs of user account numbers, log in/disconnect times, amount of computer resources consumed, etc.) and for electronic mail software that keeps a log of users of the mail servers and summary information (but not the text of) messages sent and received.

Invasion of Privacy: University systems shall not be used to invade someone’s privacy, including intrusion upon the solitude or seclusion of another or their private affairs or concerns; public disclosure of private facts; misappropriation of one’s name or likeness (including University system user names); or knowingly or recklessly placing someone before the public in a false light. Any of these actions, which would be highly offensive to a reasonable person, also may subject the offending party to civil liability.

Copyright and Commerce: Manhattan University respects an owner’s interest in proprietary software or other assets that pertain to computers or network systems, even when such software or assets are not securely protected. Legitimate use of a computer or network system does not extend to whatever an individual is capable of doing with it.

Manhattan University adheres to U.S. copyright laws, including the Copyright Act of 1974 and as amended, and thus does not condone any unfair (i.e., outside fair use exception) or otherwise unauthorized use of copyrighted information (including computer software) or the posting of electronic copies of literary works in disregard of copyright restrictions or contractual obligations. Anything less than adherence to

the letter and the spirit of copyright law is unethical. The unauthorized use of any software or data that is protected by copyright is both unethical and illegal unless you are the owner of a license to use such data or program. The placement of misappropriated, copyrighted material on University systems violates the University’s policy of Responsible Use of Computing and Information Services.

Any use of University systems for commercial activity is generally incompatible with the University’s legal status as a not-for-profit corporation chartered by the Regents of the University of the State of New York and exempt from taxation under IRC 501(c)(3). Trafficking, for-profit or otherwise, in goods and/or services using University systems, when not compatible with the interests of Manhattan University, is generally inconsistent with Manhattan University’s tax-exempt status and unrelated to its educational mission (i.e., sale of software on the Internet from the residence halls). Such activity violates this policy.

Fair Use and Public Domain Exceptions: One of the rights accorded to the owner of copyright is the right to reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the work. This right is subject to certain limitations found in the Copyright Act (Title 17, U.S. Code). One of the more important limitations is the doctrine of “fair use.” The statute contains a list of the various purposes for which the reproduction of a particular work may be considered “fair,” such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship and research. It also sets out four factors to be considered in determining whether or not a particular use is fair:

1. 1. The purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes
  2. The nature of the copyrighted work
  3. The amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole
  4. The effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work

The distinction between “fair use” and infringement may be unclear and not easily defined. There is no specific number of words, lines or notes that may safely be taken without permission.

Acknowledging the source of the copyrighted material does not substitute for obtaining permission. The safest course is always to get permission from the copyright owner before using his/her material. When it is impractical to obtain permission, use of copyrighted material shall be avoided unless the doctrine of “fair use” would clearly apply to the situation. One in a relative position of authority shall not knowingly or recklessly direct others to reproduce copyrighted material without properly secured permission from the copyright owner.

Material in the public domain (as generally defined by relevant laws or regulations) or software labeled generally as freeware is there for all to use and may be used freely. Material labeled as shareware may be subject to restrictions and shall be used in accordance with the author’s directions.

Peer-to-Peer File Sharing: In full compliance of the Higher Education Act on Copyright Infringement, the unauthorized distribution of copyrighted material, such as through peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, is a violation of the University’s Responsible Use policy and may also subject students to civil and criminal penalties.

1. - The U.S. Copyright Law (http://www.copyright.gov/title17/) provides for damages as follows: Actual damages and profits or
  - $750-$30,000 for each copyrighted work (song, movie, game, etc.) or
  - $750-$150,000 for each copyrighted work if the infringement was committed willfully
  - Criminal penalties for certain copyright violations

If the University receives a notice that the IP address assigned to a student has been identified as one that is distributing unauthorized copies of copyrighted material, the student will be barred from accessing the campus network and will be required to certify that all unauthorized material has been removed before that privilege is restored. Copyright infringement is unlawful and thus a violation of the Student Code of Conduct; therefore, judicial procedures and sanctions will apply. Under the law, the University could also be required under subpoena to release your name to appropriate authorities.

When technology makes it easy to abuse the rights of others, it may be tempting to engage in such behavior. Resist the temptation and use only legal downloading sites. As an alternative to illegal downloading, there are now many online sources that provide for free and fee-based legal downloading (i.e. http://www.riaa.com/toolsforparents.php?content_selector=legal_music_sites).

Harassment: University systems are not to be used for harassment of any individuals, groups or classes of individuals. Harassment is the sending, posting, forwarding, copying, relaying or otherwise transmitting or conveying intimidating, abusive or other repeated and unwelcome messages after a request to stop.

University systems are not to be used for sexual harassment, a form of harassment that warrants its own policy and procedures (Policy and Procedures on Sexual Harassment and Discrimination) that are hereby incorporated by reference.

University systems are not to be used for viewing, downloading or transmitting obscene material. Such use may constitute sexual harassment. University systems are not to be used for any purposes that are inconsistent with policies set forth in the Faculty and/or Community Standards and Student Code of Conducts.

10. Policy Enforcement

a. Actions

1. The University reserves the right to limit access to its computers and network systems when applicable University policies or codes, contractual obligations or state, federal or local laws are violated, but does not monitor or generally restrict the content of material transported to or from, and/or across its system.

2. The University reserves the right to remove or limit access to material posted on its systems when applicable University policies or codes, contractual obligations, or state, federal or local laws are violated, but does not monitor the content of posted material posted.

3. The University does not monitor or generally restrict material on computers housed within a private domain or on non-University computers, whether or not such computers are attached to campus networks.

b. Violations

Violations of this policy may involve the use of University computer and network systems, including electronic communication to:

1. - harass, threaten or otherwise cause harm to a specific individual(s), whether by direct or indirect action
  - impede, interfere with, impair or otherwise cause harm to the activities of others
  - download, post to, or transport across University systems, material that is illegal, obscene, proprietary, in violation of University contractual agreements or otherwise is damaging to the institution
  - harass, threaten or cause harm to classes of individuals, whether by direct or indirect action

Note: As a matter of policy, the University protects expression by members of its community and does not wish to become an arbiter of what may be regarded as offensive by some members of the community. The University cannot protect individuals against the existence or receipt of material that may be offensive to them. However, in exceptional cases, the University, through usual channels and established procedures, may decide that material directed to individuals or groups presents such a hostile environment that certain restrictive actions are warranted.

c. Reporting Violations

University community members shall report any violation of this policy to the Office of Dean of Students (Thomas Hall, Floor 5) or the appropriate person listed above. Written statements can be submitted on the University’s incident report forms (available in Office of Dean of Students), in another written format of the reporter’s choice or using one of the formats described herein. Any evidence to prove the allegations shall also be included with the report. Reports shall include as much detail as possible and only factual information and be void of opinions and/or personal beliefs or suspicions. The general area of violation also shall be listed. The Dean of Students can assist complainants in completing an incident report, if necessary.

1. 1. When the alleged policy violator is a student, the report will be processed in accordance with the University Student Judicial Procedures as outlined in the Manhattan University Community Standards and Student Code of Conduct.
  2. When the alleged policy violator is other than a student, the matter will be referred by the Dean of Students to the Vice President of Human Resources and/or the Provost for review and/or adjudication.
  3. The Dean of Students can act upon a complaint only if the violator is a member of the Manhattan University community. If the violator and/or sender of electronic messages is not a member of the Manhattan University community, the Dean of Students may assist the complainant by referring him/her to appropriate sources of help outside the University community.

d. Potential Sanctions

Student violators may be subject to revocation of privileges and restitution for any damages that result from their violations. Violations that were initiated from residence halls may result in probation or expulsion from the residence halls. Other sanctions based on the severity of the violation(s) include disciplinary probation and/or expulsion from the University. Disciplinary sanctions for students are explained in detail in the Community Standards and Student Code of Conduct.

Based on the severity of the violation, non-student University community members may be subject to reprimand, suspension or termination of employment. Restitution may be required for any damages that result from their violation.

e. Procedures for Systems or Network Administrators

In certain cases, the priorities of protecting the University against seriously damaging consequences and/or safeguarding the integrity of computers, networks and data either at the University or elsewhere, may make it imperative that temporary restrictive action be taken on an immediate basis. In such instances, systems or network administrators may take temporary restrictive action, preferably with the prior approval of the departmental policy officer, pending final adjudication by the University. All restrictive actions taken

must be documented and justified in accordance with this policy. If there is no designated policy officer, or if the policy officer is not immediately available, the Dean of Students or Provost may be contacted for guidance or assistance.

The incident and any action taken shall be documented and this information protected, as would any confidential material. This information may be subject to review by appropriate University authorities, so it is important that the information be current, complete and correct, maintained in an electronic database as appropriate and easily retrievable.

Note: In some instances, such incident reports may, of necessity, include education records and, as such, will be protected from disclosure under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA).

11. Appendix 1 of the Computing Policy

1. General Violations:

a. Refusal to comply with any lawful directive of a clearly identifiable University official acting in the performance of his or her duties in the enforcement of this University policy

b. To forge, fraudulently alter, or willfully falsify or otherwise misuse University or non-University records, documents, or communications including electronic communications or to possess such altered documents without proper authority

c. To harass, abuse or threaten another using University systems as the means for such harassment, abuse, or threats

d. To sexually harass another person

e. To violate copyright law (“fair use” is not a violation) using University systems

f. To traffic, for profit or otherwise, in goods and/or services, using University systems when incompatible with the interests of Manhattan University

g. To recklessly or maliciously interfere with or damage University systems, data, files, or other information

h. To invade someone’s privacy and/or violate provisions of FERPA

12. Appendix 2 of the Computing Policy

1. Violations Targeting Individuals

a. The sending to an individual using University systems repeated and unwanted (harassing) communications including but not limited to communications that are sexual in nature or communications motivated by race, ethnicity, religion, gender or sexual orientation.

· Targeted individual files complaint.